The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bacterial DNA Containing CpG Motifs Stimulates Lymphocyte-Dependent Protection of Mice Against Lethal Infection with Intracellular Bacteria
Open accessAbstract
Bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs activates mammalian lymphocytes and macrophages to produce cytokines and polyclonal Ig. These include IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6, which are important in the control of intracellular bacterial infection. Here, we show that bacterial DNA, as well as synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs, induce protection against large lethal doses of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) and Listeria monocytogenes. Methylation of DNA at CpG dinucleotides or inversion of the motif abolished this protection. Surprisingly, DNA-mediated protection was highly dependent on lymphocytes, particularly B cells, as well as the production of IFN-γ. Optimal protection was elicited 2–3 days after inoculation with DNA and persisted for up to 2 wk. Further, animals surviving lethal challenge developed pathogen-specific secondary immunity. These findings indicate that host innate immune responses to bacterial DNA may contribute to the induction of protective immunity to bacteria and the subsequent development of memory.
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Cites
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Current Protocols in Immunology
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CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
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Self-citationAn essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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Immune Response in Mice that Lack the Interferon-γ Receptor
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Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Necessary for Effective Intradermal Gene Immunization
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CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity
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Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants
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Cited by
Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143
Bellocchio, S., Montagnoli, C., Bozza, S., Gaziano, R., Rossi, G., Mambula, S. S., Vecchi, A., Mantovani, A., Levitz, S. M., & Romani, L. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.3059 · Cited by 515
Metadata
- Authors
- Elkins, K. L., Rhinehart-Jones, T. R., Stibitz, S., Conover, J. S., & Klinman, D. M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2291-2298
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1578857830
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bacterial DNA Containing CpG Motifs Stimulates Lymphocyte-Dependent Protection of Mice Against Lethal Infection with Intracellular Bacteria. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2291
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- Elkins, K. L., Rhinehart-Jones, T. R., Stibitz, S., Conover, J. S., & Klinman, D. M. (1999). Bacterial DNA Containing CpG Motifs Stimulates Lymphocyte-Dependent Protection of Mice Against Lethal Infection with Intracellular Bacteria. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2291
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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