The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Malaria Blood Stage Parasites Activate Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Murine Dendritic Cells through a Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Pathway
Open accessAbstract
A common feature of severe Plasmodium falciparum infection is the increased systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines that contributes to the pathogenesis of malaria. Using human blood, we found that blood stage schizonts or soluble schizont extracts activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) to up-regulate CD86 expression and produce IFN-α. IFN-α production was also detected in malaria-infected patients, but the levels of circulating PDCs were markedly reduced, possibly because of schizont-stimulated up-regulation of CCR7, which is critical for PDC migration. The schizont-stimulated PDCs elicited a poor T cell response, but promoted γδ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. The schizont immune stimulatory effects could be reproduced using murine DCs and required the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-MyD88 signaling pathway. Although the only known TLR9 ligand is CpG motifs in pathogen DNA, the activity of the soluble schizont extract was far greater than that of schizont DNA, and it was heat labile and precipitable with ammonium sulfate, unlike the activity of bacterial DNA. These results demonstrate that schizont extracts contain a novel and previously unknown ligand for TLR9 and suggest that the stimulatory effects of this ligand on PDCs may play a key role in immunoregulation and immunopathogenesis of human falciparum malaria.
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A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
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Cited by
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
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Toll-like receptor 9 mediates innate immune activation by the malaria pigment hemozoin
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pichyangkul, S., Yongvanitchit, K., Kum-arb, U., Hemmi, H., Akira, S., Krieg, A. M., Heppner, D. G., Stewart, V. A., Hasegawa, H., Looareesuwan, S., Shanks, G. D., & Miller, R. S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4926-4933
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1648719203
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 25.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Pichyangkul, S., Yongvanitchit, K., Kum-arb, U., Hemmi, H., Akira, S., Krieg, A. M., Heppner, D. G., Stewart, V. A., Hasegawa, H., Looareesuwan, S., Shanks, G. D., & Miller, R. S. (2004). Malaria Blood Stage Parasites Activate Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Murine Dendritic Cells through a Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Pathway. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.8.4926
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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