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Head-Impact–Measurement Devices: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Context: With an estimated 3.8 million sport- and recreation-related concussions occurring annually, targeted prevention and diagnostic methods are needed. Biomechanical analysis of head impacts may provide quantitative information that can inform both prevention and diagnostic strategies. Objective: To assess available head-impact devices and their clinical utility. Data Sources: We performed a systematic search of the electronic database PubMed for peer-reviewed publications, using the following phrases: accelerometer and concussion, head impact telemetry, head impacts and concussion and sensor, head impacts and sensor, impact sensor and concussion, linear acceleration and concussion, rotational acceleration and concussion, and xpatch concussion. In addition to the literature review, a Google search for head impact monitor and concussion monitor yielded 15 more devices. Study Selection: Included studies were performed in vivo, used commercially available devices, and focused on sport-related concussion. Data Extraction: One author reviewed the title and abstract of each study for inclusion and exclusion criteria and then reviewed each full-text article to confirm inclusion criteria. Controversial articles were reviewed by all authors to reach consensus. Data Synthesis: In total, 61 peer-reviewed articles involving 4 head-impact devices were included. Participants in boxing, football, ice hockey, soccer, or snow sports ranged in age from 6 to 24 years; 18% (n = 11) of the studies included female athletes. The Head Impact Telemetry System was the most widely used device (n = 53). Fourteen additional commercially available devices were presented. Conclusions: Measurements collected by impact monitors provided real-time data to estimate player exposure but did not have the requisite sensitivity to concussion. Proper interpretation of previously reported head-impact kinematics across age, sport, and position may inform future research and enable staff clinicians working on the sidelines to monitor athletes. However, head-impact–monitoring systems have limited clinical utility due to error rates, designs, and low specificity in predicting concussive injury.
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“Additional benefits of wearable sensors in the field setting include their applicability in environments where rapid medical care is needed and often not readily available, for example, at the scene of accidents, in military settings, athletics and in resource-constrained environments (Figure 2) [36,138-140].”
From Wearables and the Medical Revolution (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Events and the impact forces encountered by athletes associated with risk for concussion or sub concussive injuries.(2,10,14,25,35,37,47)”
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“A promising alternative approach for evaluating the severity of injuries is to study the head impact biomechanics to determine the kinematic signature of the impact [5].”
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Accelerometer-based head impact detection in soccer - Where are we?
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“9 ,6–8 The pronounced lack of clinical utility of modern MEMS sensors indicates that using the SAE J211 coordinate system to process data for mTBI detection may be insufficient.”
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A Comparison Between Pee Wee and Bantam Youth Ice Hockey Brain Trauma Profiles
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Self-citationVeiligheid: preventie van ongevallen bij kinderen
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Diagnosis and On-Field Management of Sports-Related Concussion
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A comparison of sports-related head accelerations with and without direct head impactsPreprint
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“Attaching sensors to players to record their kinematics is one approach that can increase the ability to detect mTBI in sports [7].”
BackgroundTraumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
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Knockouts are Accompanied by an Immediate Loss of Muscle Tone
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Towards concussion prevention in ice hockey: mechanical metamaterial liners and helmet assessment
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A SPORTS CONCUSSION BASELINE IMPLEMENTED AT THE CONCLUSION OF A COLLEGIATE ATHLETE'S CAREER
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“…SRC. Measuring SRC and multiple head impact-biomechanics among non-helmeted sports remains an ongoing challenge due to technological constraints; accelerometer and gyroscope technology, sensor positioning, and proprietary algorithms all introduce variance in the output variables of interest [26].”
Self-citationAn Affordable Real-Time Wearable Monitoring System for Head Impact Detection
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“29,30 The ATD was manually recalibrated before each trial.”
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Biomechanical Considerations of Concussion
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Metadata
- Authors
- O'Connor, K. L., Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., & Broglio, S. P.
- Affiliations
- NeuroTrauma Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor;
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Athletic Training
- Published
- 2017-03-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 206-227
- ISSN
- 1062-6050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5384819
- OpenAlex
- W2605194641
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Athletic Training (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Keywords
- head impact monitoring, sports-related concussion, impact sensors, accelerometer, concussion diagnosis, concussion prevention, angular acceleration, linear acceleration, athlete exposure
- MeSH terms
- Acceleration, Adolescent, Adult, Athletic Injuries, Biomechanical Phenomena, Boxing, Brain Concussion, Child, Female, Football, Head, Head Protective Devices, Hockey, Humans, Male, Soccer, Sports Medicine, Telemetry, Young Adult, Athletes
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