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Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and DSM-5 Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors present 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, and treatment of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and DSM-5 NMPOU disorder (NMPOUD). METHODS: Data were derived from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) (N = 36,309). RESULTS: Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime NMPOU were 4.1% and 11.3%, exceeding rates in the 2001-2002 NESARC (1.8%, 4.7%). Twelve-month and lifetime rates of DSM-5 NMPOUD were 0.9% and 2.1%. NESARC-III DSM-IV NMPOUD rates (0.8%, 2.9%) were greater than those observed in the 2001-2002 NESARC (0.4% and 1.4%). Rates of NMPOU were greater among men, but no sex differential was observed for NMPOUD. Prevalences of NMPOU and NMPOUD were generally greater among 18- to 64-year-old individuals, whites, and Native Americans, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. Associations were observed between 12-month and lifetime NMPOU and NMPOUD and other drug use disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline, schizotypal, and antisocial personality disorders; persistent depression and major depressive disorder (for NMPOU); and bipolar I disorder (for NMPOUD). Only 5.5% and 17.7% of individuals with 12-month NMPOU and NMPOUD were ever treated. CONCLUSIONS: NMPOU and NMPOUD have considerably increased over the past decade, are associated with a broad array of risk factors and comorbidities, and largely go untreated in the United States. More information on the determinants, characteristics, and outcomes of NMPOU and NMPOUD is needed to support evidence-based interventions and prevention.
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“Major depressive disorder was assoc iated w ith SUDs, particularly drug disorders, as found previously for cannabis, 40,62 nonmedical prescription opioids, 5,57,63 and drug use disorders.41”
From Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saha, T. D., Kerridge, B. T., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Zhang, H., Jung, J., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Huang, B., Hasin, D. S., & Grant, B. F.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Saha, Tulshi D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2016-06-22
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 772-780
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5555044
- OpenAlex
- W2468306238
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 28.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000449)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA034244, F32DA036431)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- prescription opioid misuse, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, treatment utilization, risk factors, NESARC-III, DSM-5
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Opioid-Related Disorders, Statistics as Topic, United States, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult, Prescription Drug Misuse
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