Cited by 1,152Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMental Health Treatment and AccessOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Drug Abuse and Dependence in the United States: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Compton, Wilson M., Thomas, Yonette F., Stinson, Frederick S., Grant, Bridget F.·2007·Archives of General Psychiatry

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Current and comprehensive information on the epidemiology of DSM-IV 12-month and lifetime drug use disorders in the United States has not been available. OBJECTIVES: To present detailed information on drug abuse and dependence prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Face-to-face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in a large representative sample of US adults (N=43093). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence of drug abuse and dependence and the associated correlates, treatment rates, disability, and comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders. RESULTS: Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime drug abuse (1.4% and 7.7%, respectively) exceeded rates of drug dependence (0.6% and 2.6%, respectively). Rates of abuse and dependence were generally greater among men, Native Americans, respondents aged 18 to 44 years, those of lower socioeconomic status, those residing in the West, and those who were never married or widowed, separated, or divorced (all P<.05). Associations of drug use disorders with other substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder were diminished but remained strong when we controlled for psychiatric disorders. Dependence associations with most mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder also remained significant. Lifetime treatment- or help-seeking behavior was uncommon (8.1%, abuse; 37.9%, dependence) and was not associated with sociodemographic characteristics but was associated with psychiatric comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals with drug use disorders have never been treated, and treatment disparities exist among those at high risk, despite substantial disability and comorbidity. Comorbidity of drug use disorders with other substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder, as well as dependence with mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder, appears to be due in part to unique factors underlying each pair of these disorders studied. The persistence of low treatment rates despite the availability of effective treatments indicates the need for vigorous educational efforts for the public and professionals.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Compton, W. M., Thomas, Y. F., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Published
2007-05-01
Volume
64
Issue
5
Pages
566
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4245700753
Cited by
1,152
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 79
FWCI
33.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
drug abuse, drug addiction, substance use disorders, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, antisocial personality disorder, mood disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, disability, treatment seeking, help-seeking, treatment disparities, sociodemographic risk factors, DSM-IV, auditing
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Mental Disorders, Disability Evaluation, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review