Toward an Empirically Based Developmental Trauma Disorder Diagnosis for Children: Factor Structure, Item Characteristics, Reliability, and Validity of the Developmental Trauma Disorder Semi-Structured Interview

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder

Maercker, A. R. A., Cloître, M., Bachem, R., Schlumpf, Y. R., Khoury, B. A., Hitchcock, C., & Bohus, M. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00821-2 · Cited by 465 · see citing works

Recognizing the importance of childhood maltreatment as a critical factor in psychiatric diagnoses, treatment, research, prevention, and education

Teicher, M. H., Gordon, J. B., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01367-9 · Cited by 325 · see citing works

Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review

Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Möhler, E., Plener, P. L., & Popow, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628252 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder

Ford, J. D., & Courtois, C. A. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00155-9 · Cited by 209 · see citing works

When Nowhere Is Safe: Interpersonal Trauma and Attachment Adversity as Antecedents of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Developmental Trauma Disorder

Spinazzola, J., van der Kolk, B., & Ford, J. D. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22320 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Developmental trauma: Conceptual framework, associated risks and comorbidities, and evaluation and treatment

Cruz, D., Lichten, M., Berg, K., & George, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.800687 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Comorbidity of developmental trauma disorder (DTD) and post-traumatic stress disorder: findings from the DTD field trial

van Der Kolk, B., Ford, J. D., & Spinazzola, J. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1562841 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder: a new diagnosis in ICD-11

Brewin, C. R. (2019) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2019.48 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Developmental Trauma Disorder: A Legacy of Attachment Trauma in Victimized Children

Spinazzola, J., van der Kolk, B. A., & Ford, J. D. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22697 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Childhood trauma, attachment orientation, and complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms in a clinical sample: Implications for treatment

Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M. E., Ford, J. D., Fyvie, C., Grandison, G., Hyland, P., & Cloître, M. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001509 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits

de Ruiter, C., Burghart, M., Silva, R. D., García, S., Mian, U., Walshe, E., & Zouharova, V. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272704 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

New findings questioning the construct validity of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD): let’s take a closer look

Ford, J. D. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1708145 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Examining the Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children in a Diverse Sample of Trauma-Exposed Adolescents

Morelli, N. M., Elson, D. M., Duong, J. B., Evans, M. C., & Villodas, M. T. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120939158 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Depression in Maltreated Children and Adolescents

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Why We Need a Developmentally Appropriate Trauma Diagnosis for Children: a 10-Year Update on Developmental Trauma Disorder

Ford, J. D. (2021) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00415-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Traumatic life events, polyvictimization, and externalizing symptoms in children with IDD and mental health problems

Lapshina, N., & Stewart, S. L. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104028 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Progress and Limitations in the Treatment of Complex PTSD and Developmental Trauma Disorder

Ford, J. D. (2021) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-020-00236-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

A Systematic Review of the Validity, Reliability, and Clinical Utility of Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) Symptom Criteria

Morelli, N. M., & Villodas, M. T. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-021-00374-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Expert consensus regarding indicators of a traumatic reaction in autistic youth: A Delphi survey

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The Latent Structure of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology and its Association with Different Forms of Trauma and Suicidality and Self-Harm

Hyland, P., Karatzias, T., Ford, J. D., Fox, R. J., & Spinazzola, J. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00925-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Psychiatric comorbidity of developmental trauma disorder and posttraumatic Stress disorder: findings from the DTD field trial replication (DTDFT-R)

Ford, J. D., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1929028 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Trauma-related disorders and the bodily self: current perspectives and future directions

Laricchiuta, D., Garofalo, C., & Mazzeschi, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166127 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Attachment disorder and attachment theory – Two sides of one medal or two different coins?

Schröder, M., Lüdtke, J., Fux, E., İzat, Y., Bolten, M. I., Gloger-Tippelt, G., Suess, G. J., & Schmid, M. (2019) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152139 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Toward an empirically based Developmental Trauma Disorder diagnosis and semi‐structured interview for children: The DTD field trial replication

Ford, J. D., Spinazzola, J., van der Kolk, B. A., & Chan, G. (2022) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13424 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Forensic Assessment of PTSD Via DSM-5 Versus ICD-11 Criteria: Implications for Current Practice and Future Research

Kerig, P. K., Mozley, M. M., & Mendez, L. (2020) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-020-09397-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Can developmental trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder? A symptom-level person-centred empirical approach

Ford, J. D., Charak, R., Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M. E., & Spinazzola, J. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2133488 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

“My own flesh and blood”: The implications of child maltreatment for the orientation towards the body among dyads of mothers and daughters

Tsur, N. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104469 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Post-Traumatic Orientation to Bodily Signals: A Systematic Literature Review

Tsur, N., & Talmon, A. (2021) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211025237 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Commentary on the Special Section on Complex PTSD: Still Going Strong After All These Years

Ford, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22474 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Can Developmental Trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder? A confirmatory factor Analytic Test of Four Structural Models

Ford, J. D., Shevlin, M. E., Karatzias, T., Charak, R., & Spinazzola, J. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00916-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Trauma Assessment in Juvenile Justice: Are We Asking the Right Questions in the Right Ways?

Zelechoski, A. D., Cross, H., Rose Luehrs, B. S., Freedle, A., Bruick, S., Harrison, K., Hayrynen, A., Hrebic, L., Dibley, E., & Kaylee Will, B. S. (2020) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2020.1832167 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling Factor Analysis of the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for DSM-5 in a Polyvictimized Sample of Adolescents

Modrowski, C. A., Munion, A. K., Kerig, P. K., & Kilshaw, R. E. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09854-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works

“And Then Cinderella Was Lying in My Bed”: Dissociation Displays in Forensic Interviews With Children Following Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse

Tsur, N., & Katz, C. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211016347 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

History of trauma is a critical treatment target for individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis

Zarubin, V. C., Gupta, T., & Mittal, V. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1102464 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Development of a Differential Assessment Guide to Improve Engagement with Youths & Families Living with Chronic Trauma

Kagan, R., Pressley, J., Espinoza, R., Lanktree, C., Henry, J., Knoverek, A., Duffy, S., Labruna, V., Habib, M., Blaustein, M. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00479-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works

“I don’t have fur to protect me”: Children’s experience of pain as communicated in forensic interviews following parental physical abuse

Tsur, N., Katz, C., & Klebanov, B. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105420 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Measuring quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities: Psychometric evaluation of the personal outcomes scale in the United Kingdom

Buxton, H., Gomes, M., Gafoor, R., Taylor, Z., & Totsika, V. (2024) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.13189 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder and developmental trauma disorder with childhood psychopathology: A network analysis

Knefel, M., Karatzias, T., Spinazzola, J., Shevlin, M. E., & Ford, J. D. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102766 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Assessing the Validity and Clinical Utility of a Developmental Trauma Diagnosis in Ethnic Minority Adolescents

Foster, A. L., D'Andrea, W. M., Fehertoi, N., Healy, C. J., & Miller, A. L. (2019) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-019-00272-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Advocating the need for neuro-informed working with intercountry adoptees

Vinke, A. J. G. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105599 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Sequenced Relationship-Based Psychotherapy for Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Commentary on the Application of the Model to the Hybrid Case of "Chloe"

Courtois, C. A., & Ford, J. D. (2022) · Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy · doi:10.55818/pcsp.v18i2.2113 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Forensic Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Complex PTSD, and Other Trauma-Related Disorders in Juvenile Justice Contexts

Kerig, P. K., Mendez, L., & Mozley, M. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69734-0_5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Psychoanalytical Considerations of Emotion Regulation Disorders in Multiple Complex-Traumatized Children—A Study Protocol of the Prospective Study MuKi

Hug, F., Degen, T., Meurs, P., & Fischmann, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.809616 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Exploring networks of complex developmental trauma symptomatology among children and adolescents involved in child welfare

Smith, J. A., Zhang, J., Urusov, A., Colucci, L., Sloss, I. M., Eckert, L., Price‐Cameron, M., & Browne, D. T. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12224 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Bullying Victimization and Complex Trauma: A Systematic Review of CPTSD and DTD Symptoms

Morgado, D., Correia‐Santos, P., Pinto, R. J., & Maia, Â. (2025) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380251401923 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A Developmental Trauma Perspective on Childhood Sexual Abuse

Ford, J. D. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18272 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Child and Adolescent Victims of Trauma

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Abuse and Neglect of Adolescents

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Measurement and Factor Structure of Developmental Trauma Disorder Symptoms in Children Involved in Child Welfare

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Developmental Trauma through a Public Health Lens: The Economic Case for the Developmental Trauma Disorder Diagnosis and a Trauma-informed Vision

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Dinamiche della parentificazione e morfogenesi post-traumatica: cPTSD e DTD

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Attachment, Regulation, and Competency (ARC)

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Psychological and Biological Theories of Child and Adolescent Traumatic Stress Disorders

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Accounting for the Psychosocial in Children’s Neurodevelopment Diagnostic Assessments: A Scoping Review

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Le « trauma complexe » : une idée simpliste

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Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Trauma in Children: Potential Implicit Biases in Diagnosis?

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Qu’est-ce que le trouble traumatique développemental ?

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Absorption and Depersonalisation Derealisation Link Childhood Trauma to BPD Severity and Show Strong Independent Predictive Effects for Various BPD Symptom Domains

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