Cited by 12Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Commentary on the Special Section on Complex PTSD: Still Going Strong After All These Years

Ford, Julian D.·2019·Journal of Traumatic Stress

Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is inherently complex, yet a growing evidence base indicates that a complex variant (CPTSD) can be distinguished from classic PTSD based on evidence of clinically significant affect, interpersonal, and self/identity dysregulation. This Commentary to the Journal of Traumatic Stress special section on CPTSD reviews the results of four new studies that empirically tested the structure, traumatic stressor antecedents, and construct validity of CPTSD in relation to PTSD and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Based on these and prior empirical findings, a reconceptualization of PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD as posttraumatic threat, betrayal, and rejection disorders, respectively, is proposed. Implications for treatment of trauma survivors are discussed in relation to articles in this special section, which describe a modular framework for CPTSD treatment and an innovative attachment and self‐regulation focused on the redesign of a traditional outpatient mental health clinic.

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Crossref · 10.1002/jts.22474

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Authors
Ford, J. D.
Affiliations
Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
Venue
Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-12
Volume
32
Issue
6
Pages
877-880
ISSN
  • 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-6598
OpenAlex
W2991838554
Cited by
12
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA 1 SM080044‐01 National Child Traumatic, Stre)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
complex PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, construct validity, affect dysregulation, betrayal, rejection, trauma treatment, attachment, self-regulation
MeSH terms
Exposure to Violence, Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, International Classification of Diseases

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