Home Self-Assessment and Self-Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using a Manual and a Computer-Conducted Telephone Interview: Replication of a U.K.-U.S. Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This open study replicates and extends previous pilot work with BT STEPS, a self-therapy system to assess and treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) through exposure and ritual prevention. METHOD: 21 OCD patients entered this open trial, using a self-guiding manual and any Touch-Tone telephone to access computer-driven interviews via an Interactive Voice Response system. The patients also used the system to rate progress on rating scales. RESULTS: The results support those of the previous open study. Of the 21 patients, 16 (76%) completed self-assessment over a mean of 21 days. Of these, 10 patients (48%) went on to do 2 or more exposure and ritual prevention sessions over a mean of 64 days; they improved significantly on OCD symptoms, as much as is usual with serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication, and in mood and work/social adjustment. Improvement was predicted by baseline motivation and by rapid completion of self-assessment with BT STEPS, even though self-assessment alone was not therapeutic. CONCLUSION: The significant improvement in the intent-to-treat analysis was due to the subgroup of patients (48% of those who began BT STEPS) who went beyond self-assessment to do exposure and ritual prevention self-therapy at home guided by BT STEPS. A controlled trial is now needed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is limited evidence for the efficacy of Internet-based treatment or computerized treatments specifically for OCD.
“presently there is limited evidence for the efficacy of Internet-based treatment or computerized treatments specifically for OCD [5], [16], [17], [18].”
From The acceptability of internet-based treatment and characteristics of an adult sample with obsessive compulsive disorder: An internet survey (2011) · cites this paper as [16]
Cites
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899 · see citing works
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712 · see citing works
Bech, P., Allerup, P., Gram, L. F., Reisby, N., Rosenberg, R., Jacobsen, O., & Nagy, Á. (1981) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00676.x · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Tollefson, G. D. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070051010 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Greist, J. H. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950160039008 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-treatment of agoraphobia by exposure
Ghosh, A., & Marks, I. M. (1987) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(87)80047-3 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Therapist Contact and Outcome of Self-exposure Treatment for Phobias
Ghosh, A., Marks, I. M., & Carr, A. C. (1988) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.152.2.234 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Greist, J. H., Park, J.-M., Bachofen, M., Nakagawa, A., Wenzel, K. W., Parkin, J. R., Manzo, P. S., Dottl, S. L., et al. (1998) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.172.5.406 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationGreist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Parkin, J. R., Pa, M., Mantle, J. M., Wenzel, K. W., Cj, S., Kobak, K. A., Dottl, S. L., et al. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Negative outcomes: What is the evidence on self-administered treatments?
Scogin, F. R., Floyd, M. R., Jamison, C. S., Ackerson, J. D., Landreville, P., & Bissonnette, L. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.5.1086 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Computerized, telephone-based health promotion: I. Smoking cessation program
Schneider, S. J., Schwartz, M. D., & Fast, J. (1995) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/0747-5632(94)00027-f · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Newman, M. G., Szkodny, L. E., Llera, S. J., & Przeworski, A. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.008 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Kaltenthaler, E., Brazier, J., De Nigris, E., Tumur, I., Ferriter, M., Beverley, C., Parry, G., Rooney, G., & Sutcliffe, P. (2006) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta10330 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Stein, D. J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09620-4 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., Mantle, J. M., & Clary, C. M. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n0209 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationNewman, M. G., Erickson, T., Przeworski, A., & Dzus, E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10128 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“In addition, Emmelkamp and associates (1989) found that between posttest and follow-up, participants had a significant relapse on measures of depression and OCD symptoms, and that 79% of participants sought additional treatment after the follow-up assessment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Present and Future of Positive Technologies
Botella, C., Riva, G., Gaggioli, A., Wiederhold, B., Alcañíz, M., & Baños, R. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0140 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Collins, R. L., Kashdan, T. B., & Gollnisch, G. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.11.1.73 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Telemental Health Applications: A Review
Hailey, D., Roine, R., & Ohinmaa, A. (2008) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370805301109 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
An internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial.
Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
“86 Of course, the needs of each client may be different.”
Remote cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A meta-analysis.
Wootton, B. M. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.001 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
A meta-analytic study of self-help interventions for anxiety problems.
Hirai, M., & Clum, G. (2006) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2005.05.002 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Interactive voice response: Review of studies 1989–2000
Corkrey, R., & Parkinson, L. (2002) · Behavoir research methods, instruments & computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195462 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“…OCD was examined in two uncontrolled studies (Greist et al., 1998; Marks et al., 1998) of 63 OCD patients, which demonstrated that subjects could self-assess, and another (Bachofen et al., 1999) with 21 OCD patients, which obtained improvement in 10 who completed two or more sessions ( p < .01).”
ResultSelf-help with minimal therapist contact for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a review
Mataix‐Cols, D., & Marks, I. M. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.07.003 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“Compared to three past BTSteps trials [18,19,2,33], YBOCS improvement in this RCT was similar with scheduled support but less with requested support.”
BackgroundMethodComputer treatment for common mental health problems.
Cavanagh, K., & Shapiro, D. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10261 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Kenwright, M., Marks, I., Graham, C., Franses, A., & Mataix‐Cols, D. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20204 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“In two open BTSteps studies (Bachofen et al., 1999; Greist et al., 1998; Nakagawa et al., 2000) a coordinator phoned patients who had not called the computer by a given date, and in the second study a clinician also wrote praise for progress on the computer-generated fax reports of patient status before posting them o…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationWootton, B. M., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Spence, J., & Kemp, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020548 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Patient Utilization of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD
Mancebo, M. C., Eisen, J. L., Sibrava, N. J., Dyck, I. R., & Rasmussen, S. A. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.10.002 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Other potentially useful augmenting strategies for patients who have difficulty attending sessions regularly may be to use computerized telephone administration systems (e.g., BT-STEPS; Bachofen et al., 1999) or web-based CBT programs for patients who have difficulty attending sessions.”
Computer-Assisted CBT for Child Anxiety: The Coping Cat CD-ROM
Khanna, M. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.02.002 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Guided self-help versus pure self-help for perfectionism: A randomised controlled trial
Pleva, J., & Wade, T. D. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.009 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“In recent years, there has been increasing interest in self-help therapies for a variety of psychological disorders, including eating disorders (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Palmer, Birchall, McGrain, & Sullivan, 2002), depression (Landreville & Bissonnette, 1997), panic disorder (Lidren et al., 1994), specific phobias (O…”
InfluentialInternet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: A pilot study
Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Hedman, E., Kaldo, V., Paxling, B., Andersson, G., Lindefors, N., & Rück, C. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-125 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“BT-steps has been evaluated in four different trials [17-20].”
BackgroundResultLeeuwerik, T., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102135 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
An Internet administered treatment program for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A feasibility study
Wootton, B. M., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Spence, J., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., & Solley, K. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.009 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“…Kobak, Greist, Jefferson, Katzelnick, & Henk, 1998; Rosa-Alcázar, ánchez-Meca, Gómez-Conesa, & Marín-Martínez, 2008) and are imilar or greater than those reported in other remote treatment rotocols (Bachofen et al., 1999; Greist et al., 2002, 1998; Kenwright t al., 2005; Muroff et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultSkinner, A. E. G., & Zack, J. S. (2004) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764204270280 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Perhaps the best-known study of this sort is the large trial carried out by Isaac Marks et al. (1998) known as the “BT Steps” program and later replicated (Bachofen et al., 1999).”
BackgroundPatel, S. R., Wheaton, M. G., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Schmidt, A. B., Lalima, C., Galfavy, H., Pascucci, O., Myers, R. W., Dixon, L., et al. (2017) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Efforts to improve access to CBT for OCD include self-help (Bachofen et al., 1999; Clark, Kirkby, Daniels, & Marks, 1998; Greist et al., 1998, 2002; Kenwright, Marks, Graham, Franses, & MataixCols, 2005; Marks et al., 1998; Mataix-Cols & Marks, 2006; Pearcy, Anderson, Egan, & Rees, 2016; Tolin et…”
BackgroundStorch, E., Merlo, L., Lehmkuhl, H. D., Geffken, G., Jacob, M., Ricketts, E. D., Murphy, T., & Goodman, W. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.12.001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The potential of telemental health applications for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Stelzer, N., Knaevelsrud, C., Hertenstein, E., Schlegl, S., Nissen, C., & Külz, A. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.04.005 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Computerised Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Tumur, I., Kaltenthaler, E., Ferriter, M., Beverley, C., & Parry, G. D. (2007) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000101497 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Virtual Reality for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Past and the Future
Kim, K., Kim, C.-H., Kim, S.-Y., Roh, D., & Kim, S. I. (2009) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2009.6.3.115 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Psychological treatments versus treatment as usual for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Gava, I., Barbui, C., Aguglia, E., Carlino, D., Churchill, R., De Vanna, M., & McGuire, H. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005333.pub2 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Telepsychology and self-help: the treatment of phobias using the internet
Botella, C., Quero, S., Banos, R. M., Garcia-Palacios, A., Breton-Lopez, J., Alcaniz, M., & Fabregat, S. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0012 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Telephone-Administered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Taylor, S. J., Thordarson, D. S., Spring, T., Yeh, A. H., Corcoran, K., Eugster, K., & Tisshaw, C. (2003) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070310003639 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Degree of motivation for therapy, assessed prior to treatment, predicts outcome for BT STEPS (Bachofen et al., 1999).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFerreri, F., Bourla, A., Peretti, C.-S., Segawa, T., Jaafari, N., & Mouchabac, S. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/11643 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Few studies have specifically focused on computerized CBT for OCD, of which 6 [64-69] featured computer-driven telephone interview system (BT Steps).”
Ender, S. A., Machner, A., Pap, G., Hubbe, J., Graßhoff, H., & Hw, N. (2007) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.1080/17453670710014301 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Somer, E., Tamir, E., Maguen, S., & Litz, B. T. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.05.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“, 1998) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (Bachofen et al., 1999; Greist et al., 2002; Nakagawa et al., 2000).”
BackgroundComputers and psychosocial treatment for child anxiety: recent advances and ongoing efforts
Kendall, P. C., Khanna, M. S., Edson, A. L., Cummings, C. M., & Harris, M. S. H. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20757 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Do it yourself? Self-help and online therapy for people with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Moritz, S., Wittekind, C. E., Hauschildt, M., & Timpano, K. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32834abb7f · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Efficacy and utility of computer-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders
Przeworski, A., & Newman, M. G. (2006) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284200500378779 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Access and effectiveness in psychological therapies: self-help as a routine health technology
Richards, D. A., Lovell, K., & McEvoy, P. (2003) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.00417.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Heading, K., Kirkby, K., Martin, F. H., Daniels, B., Gilroy, L. J., & Menzies, R. (2001) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.18.2.103 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Assessment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: review and future directions
Benito, K., & Storch, E. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.195 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Campos, D., Mira, A., Bretón-López, J., Castilla, D., Botella, C., Baños, R. M., & Quero, S. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s153041 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lind, C., Boschen, M. J., & Morrissey, S. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.09.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Amir, N., Kuckertz, J. M., Najmi, S., & Conley, S. L. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9675-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Bachofen et al. (1999) and similarly Greist et al. (2002) demonstrated that this treatment is effective for those who complete it, but the dropout rate is [50 %.”
BackgroundTelepsychology and Self-help: The Treatment of Fear of Public Speaking
Botella, C., Guillén, V., Baños, R., García‐Palacios, A., Gallego, M. J., & Alcañíz, M. (2007) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.01.007 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…to receiving mental health care; (c) it significantly reduces travel time—that is, it can reach patients who live in remote areas; and (d) scheduling flexibility (at any time during the week, on holidays, and day or night) makes it easier to reach a higher number of people (Bachofen et al., 1999).”
BackgroundGilroy, L. J., Kirkby, K. C., Daniels, B. A., Menzies, R. G., & Montgomery, I. (2003) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(03)80022-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Treatment Outcome and Predictors of Internet Guided Self-Help for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Diefenbach, G. J., Wootton, B. M., Bragdon, L. B., Moshier, S. J., & Tolin, D. F. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.06.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Piette, J. D., Krein, S. L., Striplin, D., Marinec, N. S., Kerns, R. D., Farris, K. B., Singh, S. P., An, L. C., & Heapy, A. A. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.4995 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The benefits of standard CBT diminish after patients discontinue therapy, and maintenance interventions delivered via IVR sustain those improvements in symptom and self-management skills [37,42].”
BackgroundInnovations in the delivery of exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Patel, S. R., Comer, J., & Simpson, H. B. (2021) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_202 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The use of computers in the assessment and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Lack, C., & Storch, E. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2007.02.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“A follow-up study published by Bachofen et al. (1999) modified the feedback participants received by including either brief telephone contacts or written notes in addition to faxed sheets.”
BackgroundLovell, K., & Bee, P. (2011) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.608745 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Subjective imagery in obsessive–compulsive disorder before and after exposure therapy
Marks, I., O'Dwyer, A., Meehan, O., McGuire, P., Greist, J., & Lee, B.-E. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.4.387 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pozza, A., Andersson, G., Antonelli, P., & Dèttore, D. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1017/s1754470x1400021x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, in one study (Bachofen et al. 1999) not all participants using pharmacotherapy were on a stable dosage of medication.”
BackgroundObsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Treatment and Treatment Resistance
Hood, S. D., Alderton, D., & Castle, D. J. (2001) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1665.2001.00316.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Three Versus Six Sessions of Computer-aided Vicarious Exposure Treatment for Spider Phobia
Fraser, J., Kirkby, K., Daniels, B., Gilroy, L. J., & Montgomery, I. (2001) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.18.4.213 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yeh, A. H., Taylor, S. J., Thordarson, D. S., & Corcoran, K. (2003) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070302323 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Recent studies suggest that telephone-administered behavioural or cognitive behavioural therapies are effective for OCD (Bachofen et al., 1999; Greist et al., 1998, 2002; Taylor et al., 2002), although the dropout rate for computer-administered telephone therapy is very high (over 50%: Bachofen et al.”
BackgroundLeeuwerik, T., Caradonna, G., Cavanagh, K., Forrester, E., Jones, A.-M., Lea, L., Rosten, C., & Strauss, C. (2022) · Psychology and psychotherapy · doi:10.1111/papt.12430 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…engagement in psychological therapy in general (e.g. Holdsworth et al., 2014) and a few quantitative studies of ERP showing that motivation (e.g. Bachofen et al., 1999), readiness for change and treatment expectations (see Wheaton & Chen, 2021), predicted (between- session) ERP practice.”
BackgroundFarzanfar, R., Locke, S. E., Heeren, T., Stevens, A., Vachon, L., Nguyen, M. K. T., & Friedman, R. H. (2010) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.100118-quan-14 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Moritz, S., Timpano, K., Wittekind, C. E., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6458-7_24 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Distance Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Wootton, B., & Titov, N. (2010) · Behaviour change · doi:10.1375/bech.27.2.112 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The early open trials of the BT STEPS program reported dropout rates ranging from 42% to 57% (Bachofen et al., 1999; Griest et al., 1998; Marks et al., 1998), when a ‘dropout’ was defined as a participant who discontinued the study without completing more than two exposure tasks.”
BackgroundTelehealth approaches to obsessive-compulsive related disorders
Brand, J., & Mckay, D. (2012) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2011.650655 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Telehealth Treatment for ‘‘Strong’’ OCRDs A series of studies (Bachofen et al., 1999; Greist et al., 2002; Marks et al., 1998; Nakagawa et al., 2000) report on a treatment trial for OCD that involved multiple study sites in the United States and United Kingdom.”
BackgroundResultA 45-Year-Old Woman With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Jenike, M. A. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.2121 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Psychological treatments versus treatment as usual for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Gava, I., Aguglia, E., Barbui, C., Carlino, D., Churchill, R. C., Vanna, M. D., & McGuire, H. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005333 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta Bilişsel Yanlılık Değişimi
DERİN, S., & Yorulmaz, O. (2020) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.620707 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Las nuevas tecnologías en el tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad
Baños, R., Guillén, V., García‐Palacios, A., Quero, S., & Botella, C. (2013) · INFORMACIO PSICOLOGICA · Cited by 3 · see citing works
UNIVERSITÉ ABOU BEKR BELKAÏD-TLEMCEN
Moussaoui, A. (2012) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Should Ethics Consultants Use Telemedicine? A Comment on Pronovost and Williams
Howe, E. G. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Ethics · doi:10.1086/jce200112110 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Patel, S. R., Lalima, C., & Andrew, B. (2015) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Harvey, M. G., Moeller, M., & Williams, A. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00703.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Logan, K. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470713242.ch9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Role of the Therapist in Behavior Therapy for OCD
Tolin, D. F., & Hannan, S. E. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23370-9_16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Open trials found this treatment to be both acceptable to, and clinically effective for, patients with OCD (Bachofen et al., 1999; Baer & Greist, 1997).”
BackgroundSelf-Help Treatments for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Including Bibliotherapy
Krebs, G., & Turner, C. (2019) · Innovations in CBT for Childhood Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD · doi:10.1017/9781108235655.016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Computer‐Aided Interventions for Obsessive‐Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Andersson, E., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rück, C. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781118890233.ch37
Telehealth, Computer-, and Internet-Based Approaches to Treating Depression and Anxiety
Lubin, R. E., Jordan, A. H., Wortmann, J., Larson, J. L., & Litz, B. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00191-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Several studies have also shown that successful behavioral treatment of OCD can be conducted through an IVR system (Bachofen et al. (1999); Marks et al. (1998)).”
BackgroundThe Use of Interactive Voice Response Systems to Improve the Quality and Safety of Ambulatory Care
Oake, N., & Foster, A. J. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-356-2.ch017
Tolin, D. F., & Hannan, S. E. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23370-9_28
Evaluation of a Computer Based CBT Package for Exam Anxiety.
Gratton, S. (2007) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)
Autoayuda con contacto mínimo con el terapeuta para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo: una revisión
Mataix‐Cols, D., & Marks, I. M. (2006) · European psychiatry (Ed Española) · doi:10.1017/s1134066500003118
Harwood, T. M., & L’Abate, L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1099-8_7
Personality, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, and Human Computer Interactions
Bagga, H. (2001) · eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) · doi:10.25959/23221937
- Authors
- Bachofen, M., Nakagawa, A., Marks, I. M., Park, J.-M., Greist, J. H., Baer, L., Wenzel, K. W., Parkin, J. R., & Dottl, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 1999-08-15
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 545-549
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991634179
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, self-assessment, self-medication, exposure and response prevention, interactive voice response, telephone-delivered therapy, medication adherence, motivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Aversive Therapy, Behavior Therapy, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Manuals as Topic, Middle Aged, Motivation, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Self Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Remote Consultation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
