Telepsychology and self-help: the treatment of phobias using the internet
Abstract
One of the challenges today in the research of psychological treatments based on evidence is their dissemination. Efficacious and effective psychological treatments should be available and accessible for both practitioners and consumers. However, only a small percentage of potential patients actively seek help for psychological problems that could be ameliorated by therapy. Internet-based self-help interventions may help to solve this problem by reducing the amount of actual contact between therapist and patient and by overcoming the geographical barriers that separate them. The aim of this work is to present a completely self-applied telepsychology program (Without Fear) to treat small animal phobia (spiders, cockroaches, and mice), which uses virtual reality scenarios for the exposure tasks. Preliminary data about the efficacy and effectiveness of this program in a series of 12 cases is offered. Participants showed an improvement in all clinical measures at posttreatment, and the therapeutic gains were maintained at a 3-month followup.
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Some non-randomized controlled studies with specific phobias have been conducted, including case studies in adults with small animal phobia, an open trial in children and adolescents with dental anxiety, and a pilot study in children with specific phobias whose parents helped with the intervention.
“Some non-randomized controlled studies with specific phobias have been conducted, like a series of case studies in adults with small animal phobia (Botella et al., 2008), an open trial in children and adolescents with dental anxiety (Shahnavaz et al., 2018), and a pilot study in children with specific phobias whose parents helped with the intervention (Vigerland et al., 2013).”
From An Internet-based treatment for Flying Phobia using 360° images: Study protocol for a feasibility pilot study (2021) · cites this paper as Botella et al., 2008
The acceptance data obtained in this study are in line with previous studies on AR for specific phobia in adults and children, and with studies using VR.
“The acceptance data obtained in this study are in line with previous studies in the literature about the use of AR for the treatment of specific phobia in adults [43] and children [84]; and with studies where the VR was used to treat this problem [24,37,85,86].”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [86]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Botella, C., Quero, S., Banos, R. M., Garcia-Palacios, A., Breton-Lopez, J., Alcaniz, M., & Fabregat, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Jaume I (ES)
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluacion y Tratamientos Psicologicos, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Psicologia Basica, Clinica y Psicobiologia, Universidad Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.
- Departamento de Expresion Grafica en la Ingenieria, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Venue
- CyberPsychology & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 659-664
- ISSN
- 1094-9313 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8364
- OpenAlex
- W2077156127
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CyberPsychology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- telepsychology, online self-help, phobia treatment, spiders, cockroaches, mice, virtual reality exposure therapy, dissemination of evidence-based treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Phobic Disorders, Psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Help Groups, Spiders, Telemedicine, Internet, Young Adult
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