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Cited by 147Adipose Tissue and MetabolismAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Brown Adipose Tissue as a Regulator of Energy Expenditure and Body Fat in Humans

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Saito, Masayuki·2013·Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
DOI 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.1.22PMC PMC3579148
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Abstract

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is recognized as the major site of sympathetically activated nonshivering thermogenesis during cold exposure and after spontaneous hyperphagia, thereby controling whole-body energy expenditure and body fat. In adult humans, BAT has long been believed to be absent or negligible, but recent studies using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, in combination with computed tomography, demonstrated the existence of metabolically active BAT in healthy adult humans. Human BAT is activated by acute cold exposure, being positively correlated to cold-induced increases in energy expenditure. The metabolic activity of BAT differs among individuals, being lower in older and obese individuals. Thus, BAT is recognized as a regulator of whole-body energy expenditure and body fat in humans as in small rodents, and a hopeful target combating obesity and related disorders. In fact, there are some food ingredients such as capsaicin and capsinoids, which have potential to activate and recruit BAT via activity on the specific receptor, transient receptor potential channels, thereby increasing energy expenditure and decreasing body fat modestly and consistently.

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Crossref · 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.1.22

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Figures

Fig. 1 Sympathetically activated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, lipid mobilization from white adipose tissue, and induction of beige cells. Sympathetic nerve activity in adipose tissues is increased in response to cold exposure and oral ingestion of some food ingredients through the activation of transient receptor potential channels (TRP). Noradrenaline binds to β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) and initiates signaling cascades for triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis. The released fatty acids activate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and are oxidized to serve as an energy source of thermogenesis. Activated UCP1 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis and dissipates energy as heat. Chronic sympathetic activation produces not only brown fat hyperplasia but also an induction of beige cells in white fat, thereby increasing whole-body energy expenditure and decreasing body fat.
Fig. 1 Sympathetically activated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, lipid mobilization from white adipose tissue, and induction of beige cells. Sympathetic nerve activity in adipose tissues is increased in response to cold exposure and oral ingestion of some food ingredients through the activation of transient receptor potential channels (TRP). Noradrenaline binds to β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) and initiates signaling cascades for triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis. The released fatty acids activate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and are oxidized to serve as an energy source of thermogenesis. Activated UCP1 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis and dissipates energy as heat. Chronic sympathetic activation produces not only brown fat hyperplasia but also an induction of beige cells in white fat, thereby increasing whole-body energy expenditure and decreasing body fat.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Human brown adipose tissue detected by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). FDG uptake into adipose tissue at the supraclavicular and paraspinal regions is detected by PET. The FDG uptake into adipose tissues is negligible under a warm condition at 27℃ (A), but increases greatly after exposure to cold at 19℃ (B) for 2 hours.
Fig. 2 Human brown adipose tissue detected by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). FDG uptake into adipose tissue at the supraclavicular and paraspinal regions is detected by PET. The FDG uptake into adipose tissues is negligible under a warm condition at 27℃ (A), but increases greatly after exposure to cold at 19℃ (B) for 2 hours.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Age-related decrease in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and accumulation of body fat. The activity and prevalence of BAT decrease and body fat increases with age, suggesting the activation and recruitment of BAT as an effective regimen to prevent the age-related development of obesity.
Fig. 3 Age-related decrease in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and accumulation of body fat. The activity and prevalence of BAT decrease and body fat increases with age, suggesting the activation and recruitment of BAT as an effective regimen to prevent the age-related development of obesity.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Citations

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Show all 55 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Ricquier, 2000, Biochem J, 345, 161, 10.1042/0264-6021:3450161 · DOI
  2. Heaton, 1972, J Anat, 112, 35
  3. Cohade, 2003, J Nucl Med, 44, 170
  4. Saito, 2007, Int J Obes (Lond), 31, S32
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  8. Shimizu, 1993, Am J Physiol, 264, E890

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Metadata

Authors
Saito, M.
Affiliations
Tenshi College (JP)
Corresponding author
Saito, Masayuki
ORCID
Saito, Masayuki
Venue
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
Publisher
Korean Diabetes Association
Published
2013
Volume
37
Issue
1
Pages
22
ISSN
  • 2233-6079 (ISSN-L)
  • 2233-6087
DOI
10.4093/dmj.2013.37.1.22
PMC
PMC3579148
OpenAlex
W2168695748
Cited by
146
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12
FWCI
13.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24240092)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
brown adipose tissue, non-shivering thermogenesis, energy expenditure, fat mass, cold exposure, obesity, capsaicin, capsinoids, TRP channels, aging

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