Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans

Nedergaard, Jan; Bengtsson, Tore; Cannon, Barbara

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00691.2006

Cited by 1,824Adipose Tissue and MetabolismAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans

Nedergaard, Jan, Bengtsson, Tore, Cannon, Barbara·2007·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00691.2006

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Abstract

The contention that brown adipose tissue is absent in adult man has meant that processes attributed to active brown adipose tissue in experimental animals (mainly rodents), i.e., classical nonshivering thermogenesis, adaptive adrenergic thermogenesis, diet-induced thermogenesis, and antiobesity, should be either absent or attributed to alternative (unknown) mechanisms in man. However, serendipidously, as a consequence of the use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) to trace tumor metastasis, observations that may change that notion have recently been made. These tomography scans have visualized symmetrical areas of increased tracer uptake in the upper parts of the human body; these areas of uptake correspond to brown adipose tissue. We examine here the published observations from a viewpoint of human physiology. The human depots are somewhat differently located from those in rodents, the main depots being found in the supraclavicular and the neck regions with some additional paravertebral, mediastinal, para-aortic, and suprarenal localizations (but no interscapular). Brown adipose tissue activity in man is acutely cold induced and is stimulated via the sympathetic nervous system. The prevalence of active brown adipose tissue in normal adult man can be only indirectly estimated, but it would seem that the prevalence of active brown adipose tissue in the population may be at least in the range of some tens of percent. We conclude that a substantial fraction of adult humans possess active brown adipose tissue that thus has the potential to be of metabolic significance for normal human physiology as well as to become pharmaceutically activated in efforts to combat obesity.

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Body temperature increases, or thermogenesis, are determined by the sympathetic system.
“Additionally, body temperature increases, or thermogenesis, are also determined by the sympathetic system [55, 56].”
From The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention (2015) · cites this paper as [55]
Active BAT was observed to increase after cold exposure.
“In the course of using PET-CT to detect and stage tumors in humans, active BAT was observed to increase after cold exposure ([124](#B124)).”
From Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [124]
The identification of functional brown adipose tissue in adult humans has led to a rethinking that BAT may play a role in normal physiology and could be a target for obesity treatment.
“This identification of functional brown adipose tissue in adult humans has led to a rethinking within the medical and scientific communities that BAT may play a role in normal physiology and could be a target for obesity treatment 81,85.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [81]
Recent work has led to reconsideration of the notion that the role of brown adipose tissue in human metabolism is minor, noting that humans possess adipose tissue depots that are cold-sensitive and hypermetabolic, as assessed by their very high uptake of labeled glucose.
“However, recent work has led to reconsideration of this notion, noting that humans possess adipose tissue depots that are cold-sensitive and hypermetabolic, as assessed by their very high uptake of labeled glucose (152,163).”
From The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [163]

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Authors: Nedergaard, J., Bengtsson, T., & Cannon, B.
Affiliations: Stockholm University (SE)
ORCID: Nedergaard, Jan
Bengtsson, Tore
Cannon, Barbara
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2007-08
Volume: 293
Issue: 2
Pages: E444-E452
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00691.2006
OpenAlex: W2098457930
Cited by: 1,824
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 124 · 2015: 132 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 116
FWCI: 9.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Keywords: brown adipose tissue, adults, non-shivering thermogenesis, adaptive thermogenesis, diet-induced thermogenesis, anti-obesity, FDG-PET, cold exposure, sympathetic nervous system, obesity
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Body Weight, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Cold Temperature, Glucose, Humans, Models, Biological, Sex Characteristics, Sympathetic Nervous System, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Thermogenesis, Incidental Findings, Positron-Emission Tomography

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Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans

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