FGF21 as a Stress Hormone: The Roles of FGF21 in Stress Adaptation and the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

Autophagy: Renovation of Cells and Tissues

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Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ

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Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

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FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

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Endocrine Regulation of the Fasting Response by PPARα-Mediated Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by PPARα and Is a Key Mediator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ketotic States

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FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis

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Adipose tissue browning and metabolic health

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice

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Adipokines as Cardioprotective Factors: BAT Steps Up to the Plate

McLeod, K., Datta, V., & Fuller, S. E. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13030710 · Cited by 11

Effects and Safety of FGF21 Analogs on Glycemic Parameters, Lipid Profiles, and Adiponectin in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nie, Z., Xu, J., Liu, Y., Cao, Q., Qiu, X., Su, Y., & Han, S. (2025) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/ije/9943228 · Cited by 8

Manipulating mtDNA in vivo reprograms metabolism via novel response mechanisms

Bahhir, D., Yalgin, C., Ots, L., Järvinen, S., Morikka, J., Naudí, A., Krama, T., Krams, I. A., Tamm, M., Andjelković, A., et al. (2019) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008410 · Cited by 8

A combined docosahexaenoic acid–thyroid hormone protocol upregulates rat liver β-Klotho expression and downstream components of FGF21 signaling as a potential novel approach to metabolic stress conditions

Vargas, R., Riquelme, B., Fernández, J., & Videla, L. A. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo00923b · Cited by 8

Restricting branched‐chain amino acids: an approach to improve metabolic health

Anderson, J. G., Hintze, K., & Marchant, E. D. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp276205 · Cited by 8

Possible associations between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels and cognition in bipolar disorder

Omileke, F., Ishiwata, S., Matsuo, J., Yoshida, F., Hidese, S., Hattori, K., & Kunugi, H. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12102 · Cited by 8

Fibroblast growth factor 21 prolongs lifespan and improves stress tolerance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Song, J., Hao, K., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Cheng, Z., Mao, S., Tang, Y., Tong, X., & Dai, F. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2020.01.18 · Cited by 6

Different association of GDF15 and FGF21 with glycemic status and aging in the context of obesity

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Circulating FGF21 vs. Stress Markers in Girls during Childhood and Adolescence, and in Their Caregivers: Intriguing Inter-Relations between Overweight/Obesity, Emotions, Behavior, and the Cared-Caregiver Relationship

Christaki, E. V., Pervanidou, P., Papassotiriou, I., Mantzou, A., Giannakakis, G. A., Boschiero, D., & Chrousos, G. P. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9060821 · Cited by 6

Association of NAFLD with FGF21 Polygenic Hazard Score, and Its Interaction with Protein Intake Level in Korean Adults

Lee, H. J., Shon, J., & Park, Y. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15102385 · Cited by 5

Deficiency of GPR10 and NPFFR2 receptors leads to sex-specific prediabetic syndrome and late-onset obesity in mice

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UPRmt-regulated mitokines: novel strategies for myocardial injury repair

Gao, W., Liu, J., Zhang, W., Liu, B., & Shen, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1652353 · Cited by 4

Disturbances in mitochondrial DNA maintenance in neuromuscular disorders and valproate-induced liver toxicity

Komulainen, T. (2015) · Cited by 4

Counteracting health risks by Modulating Homeostatic Signaling

Tian, J. J., Levy, M. A., Zhang, X., Sinnott, R., & Maddela, R. L. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106281 · Cited by 4

Basics in clinical sports nutrition: Physical activity, muscle and clinical nutrition

Kozjek, N. R., Tonin, G., Prado, C., & Maughan, R. J. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102921 · Cited by 4

The Impact of Human Liver Transplantation on the Concentration of Fibroblast Growth Factors: FGF19 and FGF21

Budkowska, M., Ostrycharz, E., Cecerska‐Heryć, E., Dołęgowska, K., Siennicka, A., Nazarewski, Ł., Rykowski, P., & Dołęgowska, B. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26031299 · Cited by 3

Dietary BCAA supplementation counteracts the beneficial effects of long‐term aerobic exercise against obesity and associated metabolic disorders by suppressing FGF21 expression

Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Li, P., Liu, Y., Zhang, C., Lu, M., Gao, L., Song, Z., Sun, H., & Qiu, J. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70039 · Cited by 3

Weight regain after bariatric surgery: Promoters and potential predictors

Demerdash, H. M. (2021) · World Journal of Meta-Analysis · doi:10.13105/wjma.v9.i5.438 · Cited by 3

Changes in metabolic hormones and trace elements in CSF in active smokers indicate oxidative damage to brain cells

Zheng, P., Wang, F., Li, H., Chen, H., Li, M.-T., Ma, H., He, J., Chen, L., Liu, Y., & Xu, H. (2024) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-24-0016 · Cited by 3

ChREBP-mediated up-regulation of Them1 coordinates thermogenesis with glycolysis and lipogenesis in response to chronic stress

Xu, X., Mendoza, A., Krumm, C. S., Su, S., Acuña, M., Bare, C. J., Holman, C. D., Cortopassi, M. D., Nicholls, H. T., Dartigue, V., et al. (2024) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.adk7971 · Cited by 3

Systemic Lonp1 Haploinsufficiency Mitigates Cardiac Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Cardiomyocyte-Specific Lonp1 Haploinsufficiency via Potential Inter-Organ Crosstalk

Muthu, S., Tran, Z., Saminathan, R., Shrestha, P., & Venkatesh, S. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15081159 · Cited by 2

Vascular protection with fibroblast growth factor 21 in diabetes: Its potential beyond glucose and lipid control

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Blood and liver telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and hepatic gene expression of mitochondrial dynamics in mid-lactation cows supplemented with l-carnitine under systemic inflammation

Häussler, S., Ghaffari, M. H., Seibt, K. D., Sadri, H., Alaedin, M., Huber, K., Frahm, J., Dänicke, S., & Sauerwein, H. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23556 · Cited by 3

Impaired Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Associated with Visceral Adiposity Leads to Insulin Resistance: The Core Defect in Diabetes Mellitus

Jain, U., Srivastava, P., Sharma, A., Sinha, S., & Johari, S. (2024) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998265915231116043813 · Cited by 3

TGF-β2, EGF and FGF21 influence the suckling rat intestinal maturation

Grases-Pintó, B., Torres-Castro, P., Abril-Gil, M., Castell, M., Rodríguez-Lagunas, M. J., Pérez-Cano, F. J., & Franch, À. (2024) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109778 · Cited by 2

Brown Adipose Tissue and Body Weight Regulation

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Investigation of the effects and mechanisms of endogenous deletion of FGF21 on cognitive functions

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Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 is a novel biomarker of cachexia in chronic liver disease

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The acute pancreatitis severity prediction using adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and fibroblast growth factor levels in day after admission

Pavlova, I. P. (2015) · Cited by 1

α‐Lipoic acid up‐regulates gene expression but reduces protein levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in HepG2 cells

Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Liang, X., Zhang, L., Li, K., Sun, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2022) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13775 · Cited by 1

Acute Sprint Interval Exercise Induces a Greater FGF-21 Response in Comparison to Work-Matched Continuous Exercise

Segsworth, B. M. (2015) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1

Biochemical Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disorders

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Mistranslation drives alterations in protein levels and the effects of a synonymous variant at the FGF21 locus

Bayoumi, A. (2020) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)

Management of patients with neuropathic pain

Choi, E. J. (2022) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2022.65.8.505

The effect of FGF21 gene polymorphism (g. 940C/T) on biochemical metabolic parameters in blood serum of holstein cattle

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Pharmacological Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) оn Carbohydrate-Lipid Metabolism: Sex Dependence

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Expression profiling and single nucleotide polymorphism of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 MAP3K8 in white muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata)

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The acute pancreatitis severity prediction using adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in day 4 after admission

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Prominent fibroblast growth factor 21 with less abundant tumor-associated macrophages in hepatic mass of the conditional mgmt-deleted mice using LysM-Cre system

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Mechanisms Underlying Drought Adaptability in Duolang Sheep Based on Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Jiang, B., Chen, B., Yang, Y., Chen, Y. N., & Liu, W. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15060461

Effets d'une exposition répétée aux ondes radiofréquences sur la régulation thermique chez les rongeurs

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$TGF-\beta_2,\ EGF\ \text{and}\ FGF21\ \text{influence the suckling rat intestinal maturation}$

Grases-Pintó, B., Torres-Castro, P., Gil, M. D. M. A., Castell, M., Lagunas, M. J. R., Pérez-Cano, F. J., & Franch, A. (2025) · Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona)

FGF21 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by driving competitive cell-cell interactions

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Peptide hormone-based combinational pharmacotherapies for chronic metabolic diseases

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Intermittent Fasting Alleviates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment Through FGF21-Mediated Lipid Remodeling and Mitochondrial Redox Regulation

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Biological functions and emerging interplay of FGF21 and GDF15 in metabolic diseases and aging

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FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive responses to stress and metabolic benefits of anti-diabetic drugs

Kim, K. H., & Lee, M. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-15-0160 · Cited by 66

Diabetes Metab J 2014;38:245-251 FGF21 as a Stress Hormone: The Roles of FGF21 in Stress Adaptation and the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

Kim, K. H., & Lee, M.-S. (2016)

Stressed Liver and Muscle Call on Adipocytes with FGF21

Luo, Y., & McKeehan, W. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00194 · Cited by 75

Fibroblast growth factor 21 participates in adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum stress and attenuates obesity-induced hepatic metabolic stress

Kim, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, H.-K., Kim, M.-J., Back, S. H., Konishi, M., Itoh, N., & Lee, M.-S. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3475-6 · Cited by 124

Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its novel association with oxidative stress

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