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FGF21 as a Stress Hormone: The Roles of FGF21 in Stress Adaptation and the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases
Open accessAbstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that is primarily expressed in the liver and exerts beneficial effects on obesity and related metabolic diseases. In addition to its remarkable pharmacologic actions, the physiological roles of FGF21 include the maintenance of energy homeostasis in the body in conditions of metabolic or environmental stress. The expression of FGF21 is induced in multiple organs in response to diverse physiological or pathological stressors, such as starvation, nutrient excess, autophagy deficiency, mitochondrial stress, exercise, and cold exposure. Thus, the FGF21 induction caused by stress plays an important role in adaptive response to these stimuli. Here, we highlight our current understanding of the functional importance of the induction of FGF21 by diverse stressors as a feedback mechanism that prevents excessive stress.
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“Although FGF21 is induced under conditions of metabolic stress (e.g., fasting, cold), it is also induced under many conditions of cellular stress, leading FGF21 to be referred to in some contexts as a stress hormone (69).”
From Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis (2018) · cites this paper as [69]
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Vargas, R., Riquelme, B., Fernández, J., Álvarez, D., Pérez, I. F., Cornejo, P., Fernández, V., & Videla, L. A. (2018) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1483 · Cited by 15
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Ketogenic diet with aerobic exercise can induce fat browning: potential roles of β-hydroxybutyrate
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Videla, L. A. (2019) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.2067 · Cited by 13
Kim, K., & Kim, K. H. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072296 · Cited by 13
Self-citationHepatic Fgf21 Expression Is Repressed after Simvastatin Treatment in Mice
Ziros, P. G., Zagoriti, Z., Lagoumintzis, G., Kyriazopoulou, V. E., Iskrenova, R. P., Habeos, E. E., Sykiotis, G. P., Chartoumpekis, D. V., & Habeos, I. G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162024 · Cited by 11
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Low‐Level Radiofrequency Exposure Induces Vasoconstriction in Rats
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Research progress on the role of FGF21 in insulin resistance
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Chang, E., Chang, J. S., Kong, I. D., Baik, S. K., Kim, M. Y., & Park, K. (2021) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl210106 · Cited by 9
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mimetics for Treating Atherosclerosis
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Fauste, E., Rodrigo, S., Rodríguez, L., Donis, C., Garcı́a, A., Barbas, C., Álvarez‐Millán, J. J., Panadero, M. I., Otero, P., & Bocos, C. (2019) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103676 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, K. H., & Lee, M.-S.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Myung-Shik
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
- Publisher
- Korean Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 245
- ISSN
- 2233-6079 (ISSN-L)
- 2233-6087
- PMC
- PMC4160577
- OpenAlex
- W2160488327
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2013R1A6A3A04065825, K21004000003-10A0500-00310)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Keywords
- FGF21, stress hormones, stress adaptation, metabolic disorders, obesity, energy homeostasis, starvation, nutrient excess, autophagy dysfunction, mitochondrial stress, physical activity, cold exposure, liver
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