The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effects of external and internal focus of attention on physiological responses during running
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of external focus of attention and internal focus of attention instructions on physiological responses in experienced adolescent basketball players (n = 17; mean age = 15.1±0.6 years).After a 10-min warm-up at a running velocity equal to 60% of the heart rate reserve, participants ran on a treadmill under two 10-min conditions: (a) internal focus instructions -focusing on the legs and running motion, and (b) external focus instructions -focusing on a film of a basketball game that did not provide visual feedback on running speed.It was found that oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio did not significantly differ among the three conditions.It was concluded that an external focus of attention that does not provide additional visual feedback pertinent to the task of running (e.g., a film clip from the runner's perspective that shows advancing in a virtual environment) does not affect physiological measures or improve running economy.
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“Evidence from isometric tasks indicates that an external focus of attention can lower heart rate and improve performance (Markwell et al. 2021), whereas in running contexts, studies such as Ziv et al. (2012) report no significant differences in heart rate or running economy between external and internal focus.”
From Warming Up Body and Mind: Combined Cognitive and Exercise Priming Improves 1‐Mile Time Trial Performance in Recreational Runners (2026) · cites this paper as Ziv et al. (2012)
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Cites
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01054-8 · Cited by 3,775 · cited 3×
“This is supported by the low RPE values 613 | 2012 | ISSUE 3 | VOLUME 7 © 2012 University of Alicante of approximately three to four in this study (see Table 2).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Learning Advantages of an External Focus of Attention in Golf
Wulf, G., Lauterbach, B., & Toole, T. (1999) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1999.10608029 · Cited by 420 · cited 1×
“It has been found that an external focus of attention leads to improved learning and performance (see Al-Abood et al., 2002; Wulf et al., 1999; Wulf et al., 2000; Wulf & Su, 2007; Zachry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundIncreased jump height and reduced EMG activity with an external focus
Wulf, G., Dufek, J. S., Lozano, L., & Pettigrew, C. (2010) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2009.11.008 · Cited by 257
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mortimer, H., Dallaway, N., Díaz‐García, J., & Ring, C. (2026) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.70163 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Ziv, G., Meckel, Y., Lidor, R., & Rotstein, A.
- Affiliations
- Wingate Institute (IL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 608-616
- ISSN
- 1988-5202 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117570218
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Human Sport and Exercise (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
- Keywords
- external attention, internal focus, running, oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, running economy, visual feedback, adolescent basketball players, treadmill running, sport psychology
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- Ziv, G., Meckel, Y., Lidor, R., & Rotstein, A. (2012). The effects of external and internal focus of attention on physiological responses during running. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.73.01
