Thyroid cancer in toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter
Open accessAbstract
Background: Many authors have claimed that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer and believed that the incidence of malignancy is lower in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMG) than in those with non-toxic multinodular goiter. But in recent studies, it was reported that the incidence of malignancy with TMG is not as low as previously thought. Aim: To compare the thyroid cancer incidence in patients with toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter. Settings and Design: Histology reports of patients treated surgically with a preoperative diagnosis of toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter were reviewed to identify the thyroid cancer incidence. Patients having a history of neck irradiation or radioactive iodine therapy were excluded from the study. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 294 patients operated between 2001-2005 from toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter. One hundred and twenty-four of them were toxic and 170 were non-toxic. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed by elevated tri-iodothyroinine / thyroxine ratios and low thyroid-stimulating hormone with clinical signs and symptoms. All patients were evaluated with ultrasonography and scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration biopsy. Statistical Analysis Used: Significance of the various parameters was calculated by using ANOVA test. Results: The incidence of malignancy was 9% in the toxic and 10.58% in the non-toxic multinodular goiter group. Any significant difference in the incidence of cancer and tumor size between the two groups could not be detected. Conclusions: The incidence of malignancy in toxic multinodular goiter is not very low as thought earlier and is nearly the same in non-toxic multinodular goiter.
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The prevalence of thyroid cancer in nontoxic MNG is 10.6%.
“More recently, it has been estimated to be as high as 9%, which is similar to the 10.6% prevalence noted in nontoxic MNG (275).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [275]
More recently, thyroid cancer prevalence in TMNG has been estimated to be as high as 9%.
“More recently, it has been estimated to be as high as 9%, which is similar to the 10.6% prevalence noted in nontoxic MNG (275).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [275]
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- Authors
- Cerci, C., Cerci, S., Eroglu, E., Dede, M., Kapucuoglu, N., Yildiz, M., & Bulbul, M.
- Affiliations
- Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi (TR)
- Venue
- Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 157-160
- ISSN
- 0022-3859 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038432064
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Postgraduate Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
- Bioline International (Bioline International) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- thyroid cancer, toxic multinodular goiter, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer incidence, cancer risk, thyroid nodules, tumor size
- MeSH terms
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Female, Goiter, Nodular, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Male, Retrospective Studies, Thyroid Neoplasms, Adenoma, Oxyphilic, Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular
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