Cited by 158Alcoholism and Thiamine DeficiencySubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health Effects

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clinical management of alcohol withdrawal: A systematic review

Open access

Bharadwaj, Balaji, Kattimani, Shivanand·2013·Industrial Psychiatry Journal

DOI 10.4103/0972-6748.132914PMC PMC4085800

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Alcohol withdrawal is commonly encountered in general hospital settings. It forms a major part of referrals received by a consultation-liaison psychiatrist. This article aims to review the evidence base for appropriate clinical management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We searched Pubmed for articles published in English on pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal in humans with no limit on the date of publication. Articles not relevant to clinical management were excluded based on the titles and abstract available. Full-text articles were obtained from this list and the cross-references. There were four meta-analyses, 9 systematic reviews, 26 review articles and other type of publications like textbooks. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a clinical diagnosis. It may vary in severity. Complicated alcohol withdrawal presents with hallucinations, seizures or delirium tremens. Benzodiazepines have the best evidence base in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, followed by anticonvulsants. Clinical institutes withdrawal assessment-alcohol revised is useful with pitfalls in patients with medical comorbidities. Evidence favors an approach of symptom-monitored loading for severe withdrawals where an initial dose is guided by risk factors for complicated withdrawals and further dosing may be guided by withdrawal severity. Supportive care and use of vitamins is also discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4103/0972-6748.132914

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Assessment of Alcohol Withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA‐Ar)
SULLIVAN, J. T., SYKORA, K., SCHNEIDERMAN, J., NARANJO, C. A., & SELLERS, E. M. (1989) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x · Cited by 1,988
Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline
Mayo‐Smith, M. F. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.13.1405 · Cited by 421
The neurobiology of addiction: a neuroadaptational view relevant for diagnosis
Koob, G. F. (2006) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01586.x · Cited by 397
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS REPORT ON ALCOHOL: GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Thomson, A. D. (2002) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/37.6.513 · Cited by 396
Individualized Treatment for Alcohol Withdrawal
Saitz, R. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520070039035 · Cited by 369
B VITAMIN DEFICIENCY AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYNDROMES IN ALCOHOL MISUSE
Cook, C. C. H., HALLWOOD, P. M., & Thomson, A. (1998) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008400 · Cited by 285
THE NATURAL HISTORY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY AND KORSAKOFF'S PSYCHOSIS
Thomson, A. D., & MARSHALL, E. J. (2005) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh249 · Cited by 247
Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal
Amato, L., Minozzi, S., Vecchi, S., & Davoli, M. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005063.pub3 · Cited by 245
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Bayard, M. M., McIntyre, J., Hill, K. R., & Woodside, J. R. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420036961-14 · Cited by 232
Diazepam loading: Simplified treatment of alcohol withdrawal
Sellers, E. M., Naranjo, C. A., Harrison, M., Devenyi, P., Roach, C., & Sykora, K. (1983) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.256 · Cited by 232

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 49 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Tovar, 2011, Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol withdrawal, J Clin Outcomes Manag, 361
Dubovsky SL. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists and antagonists. In: Sadock BJ, Virginia A, Ruiz P, editors. Kaplan and Sadock′s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9 th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.

Sorted by citations

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: mechanisms, manifestations, and management
Jesse, S., Bråthen, G., Ferrara, M., Keindl, M., Ben‐Menachem, E., Tănăsescu, R., Brodtkorb, E., Hillbom, M., Leone, M. A., & Ludolph, A. C. (2016) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12671 · Cited by 261
The ASAM Clinical Practice Guideline on Alcohol Withdrawal Management
(2020) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000668 · Cited by 194
Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis
Chandrakumar, A., Bhardwaj, A., & Jong, G. W. ‘. (2018) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0075 · Cited by 173
Legal highs: staying on top of the flood of novel psychoactive substances
Baumeister, D., Tojo, L. M., & Tracy, D. K. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125314559539 · Cited by 162
Propofol for Treatment of Refractory Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review of the Literature
Brotherton, A. L., Hamilton, E. P., Kloss, H. G., & Hammond, D. A. (2016) · Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.1726 · Cited by 51
Management of alcohol use disorder: a gastroenterology and hepatology-focused perspective
Díaz, L. A., König, D., Weber, S., Ayares, G., Fuentealba, J. M., Vázquez, V., Bataller, R. A., Kamath, P. S., Winder, G. S., Leggio, L., et al. (2025) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00380-7 · Cited by 51
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome management: Is there anything new?
Airagnes, G., Ducoutumany, G., Laffy-Beaufils, B., Faou, A.-L. L., & Limosin, F. (2019) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2019.02.001 · Cited by 50
Barbiturates for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A systematic review of clinical trials
Mo, Y., Thomas, M. C., & Karras, G. E. (2016) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.11.022 · Cited by 47
Patient Outcomes Associated With Phenobarbital Use With or Without Benzodiazepines for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Hammond, D. A., Rowe, J. M., Wong, A., Wiley, T. L., Lee, K. C., & Kane‐Gill, S. L. (2017) · Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.1177/0018578717720310 · Cited by 46
Introduction to Epilepsy and Related Brain Disorders
Giourou, E., Stavropoulou-Deli, A., Giannakopoulou, A., Kostopoulos, G., & Koutroumanidis, M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20049-1_2 · Cited by 45
Alcohol consumption during adolescence: A link between mitochondrial damage and ethanol brain intoxication
Tapia‐Rojas, C., Mira, R. G., Torres, A. K., Jara, C., Maria Jose Perez, J., Vergara, E. H., Cerpa, W. F., & Quintanilla, R. A. (2017) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1172 · Cited by 44
Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Bahji, A., Bach, P., Danilewitz, M., Crockford, D. N., el‐Guebaly, N., Devoe, D. J. A., & Saitz, R. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15853 · Cited by 36
Interrelationship between alcohol consumption, overnutrition, and pharmacotherapy for liver steatosis: Considerations and proposals
Valenzuela, R., Farías, C., Muñoz, Y., Zúñiga‐Hernández, J., & Videla, L. A. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2025.112676 · Cited by 36
Comparison of propofol with midazolam in endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial
Ominami, M., Nagami, Y., Shiba, M., Tominaga, K., Sakai, T., Maruyama, H., Kato, K., Minamino, H., Fukunaga, S., Tanaka, F., et al. (2017) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-017-1358-6 · Cited by 31
Haloperidol in palliative care: Indications and risks
Zaporowska-Stachowiak, I., Stachowiak-Szymczak, K., Oduah, M.-T. A., & Sopata, M. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110772 · Cited by 31
Phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines in alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Malone, D. E., Costin, B., MacElroy, D., Al-Hegelan, M. S., Thompson, J. A., & Bronshteyn, Y. S. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12347 · Cited by 29
Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders During Pregnancy: Time to Reconsider?
Kelty, E. A., Terplan, M., Greenland, M., & Preen, D. B. (2021) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-021-01509-x · Cited by 25
Using a personalized clinical decision support system for bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine dosing in patients with anxiety disorders based on the pharmacogenomic markers
Zastrozhin, M. S., Sorokin, A. S., Agibalova, T. V., Гришина, Е. А., Antonenko, A. Р., Rozochkin, I. N., Duzhev, D. V., Skryabin, V. Y., Galaktionova, T. E., Barna, I. V., et al. (2018) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2677 · Cited by 23
Phenobarbital and Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Umar, Z., Rasool, M. H. U., Shoaib, M., Yousaf, S., Nassar, M., Ilyas, U., Hosna, A., Parikh, A., Bhangal, R., Ahmed, N., et al. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.33695 · Cited by 22
Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options
Corley, C. L., Craig, A. J., Sadek, S. M., Marusich, J. A., Chehimi, S. N., White, A. M., Holdiness, L. J., Reiner, B. C., & Gipson, C. D. (2024) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173836 · Cited by 23
Characterization of the GHB Withdrawal Syndrome
Wolf, C. J. H., Beurmanjer, H., Dijkstra, B. A. G., Geerlings, A. C., Spoelder, M., Homberg, J. R., & Schellekens, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10112333 · Cited by 20
Management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in general hospital settings
Kast, K. A., Sidelnik, S. A., Nejad, S. H., & Suzuki, J. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-080461 · Cited by 18
Off-label use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood-stabilizers in psychiatry
Hefner, G., Wolff, J., Toto, S., Reißner, P., & Klimke, A. (2022) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-022-02542-0 · Cited by 17
Recidivism in Liver Transplant Recipients for Alcohol-related Liver Disease
Choudhary, N. S., Saraf, N., Mehrotra, S., Saigal, S., & Soin, A. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2020.08.011 · Cited by 15
Adjunctive Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Focused Literature Review
Murphy, J. A., Curran, B. M., Gibbons, W. A., & Harnica, H. M. (2021) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028021999821 · Cited by 15
Lipid profile dysregulation predicts alcohol withdrawal symptom severity in individuals with alcohol use disorder
Rosoff, D. B., Charlet, K., Jung, J., Lee, J., Muench, C., Luo, A. C., Longley, M. J., & Lohoff, F. W. (2020) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.02.164 · Cited by 14
Antipsychotic Drugs in Prevention of Postoperative Delirium—What Is Known in 2020?
Pluta, M. P., Dziech, M., Czempik, P. F., Szczepańska, A. J., & Krzych, Ł. J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176069 · Cited by 14
Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease
Chand, P., Panda, U. K., Mahadevan, J., & Murthy, P. (2022) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2022.03.003 · Cited by 11
Investigating the management of alcohol‐related presentations in an Australian teaching hospital
Qian, S., Irani, M. Z., Brighton, R. M., Yeo, W. W., Reid, D., Sinclair, B., Bresnahan, S., Lynch, P., Feng, X., & Yu, P. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12906 · Cited by 10
Role of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures
Basu, S., & Suh, H. (2020) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-200114 · Cited by 10
Therapeutic interventions for alcohol dependence in non-inpatient settings: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol)
Cheng, H., Elbers, R. G., Higgins, J. P. T., Taylor, A., MacArthur, G. J., McGuinness, L. A., Dawson, S., López-López, J. A., Cowlishaw, S., Hickman, M., et al. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0462-2 · Cited by 10
Plants and their derivatives as potential source in treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and other treatment strategies: A review
Bharathi, G. S. S., Lalitha, V., Sethumathi, P. P., Sivakumar, T., Selvi, P. P., Kavitha, M., & Kumar, R. (2021) · Annals of Phytomedicine An International Journal · doi:10.21276/ap.2021.10.2.4 · Cited by 10
Synaptic Mechanisms of Ethanol Tolerance and Neuroplasticity: Insights from Invertebrate Models
Bhandari, A., Seguin, A., & Rothenfluh, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25136838 · Cited by 9
Alcohol Withdrawal: Possible Risk of Latent Scurvy Appearing as Tiredness: A STROBE-Compliant Study
Lux-Battistelli, C., & Battistelli, D. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr3643 · Cited by 9
Delirium tremens: early diagnosis and intensive care guidelines. Review
Муронов, А. Е. (2020) · Annals of critical care · doi:10.21320/1818-474x-2020-1-53-65 · Cited by 8
Assessment of a modified MINDS ‐based protocol for management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome on an inpatient medical service
Krcmarik, K. M., Hulley, B. J., Huang, J., Juang, D. K., Cadman, P. E., Urbiztondo, C., Vo, C., Vargas, J., Motarjemi, R., Moinizandi, T., et al. (2023) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.2855 · Cited by 7
Első lépés egy egységes szemlélet felé: az Alkohol Megvonási Skála bevezetése a hazai betegellátási gyakorlatba
Lázár, B. A., Pribék, I. K., Kovács, C. S., Demeter, I., Kálmán, J., Szemelyácz, J., Kelemen, G., Janka, Z., Demetrovics, Z., & Andó, B. (2019) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2019.31424 · Cited by 7
Alcohol and the Hospitalized Patient
Chernyavsky, S., Dharapak, P., Hui, J., Laskova, V., Merrill, E., Pillay, K., Siau, E., & Rizk, D. (2020) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2020.02.007 · Cited by 7
Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Tool
Davis, C. R., Keen, A., Holly, V., Balaguras, J., & Miller, W. R. (2018) · Clinical Nurse Specialist · doi:10.1097/nur.0000000000000408 · Cited by 7
Research protocol of the efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: A comparison with placebo and acceptance and commitment therapy in a randomized controlled trial
Zhang, B., Zhang, R., Deng, H., Cui, P., Li, C., Yang, F., & Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294768 · Cited by 6
Association of Alcohol Use Disorder and Perioperative Complications and Adverse Events After Spinal Fusion Surgery During the In-Hospital Period: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database
Khan, A. M. A., Soliman, M. A. R., Quiceno, E., Elbayomy, A., Malueg, M. D., Aguirre, A. O., Kuo, C. C., Whelan, T. J., Im, J., Levy, H. W., et al. (2025) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.123677 · Cited by 6
Regulation of glutamate signaling in the extended amygdala by adolescent alcohol exposure
Holmgren, E. B., & Wills, T. A. (2021) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.004 · Cited by 6
Comparison of phenobarbital monotherapy to a benzodiazepine-based regimen for management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in trauma patients
Fleenor, L. M., Beavers, J. R., Tidwell, W. P., Atchison, L., Woo, E., Medvecz, A. J., Beyene, R. T., Kast, K. A., Marcovitz, D. E., Dennis, B. M., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000004116 · Cited by 6
Substitution therapy for patients with alcohol dependence: Mechanisms of action and efficacy
Guiraud, J., Spanagel, R., & van den Brink, W. (2024) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.005 · Cited by 5
The Role of Propofol in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Shirk, L., & Reinert, J. P. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.6135 · Cited by 5
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of liver disease and alcohol disorders in psychiatric settings (Review)
Trifu, S. C., Țîbîrnă, A., Costea, R., & Popescu, A. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.9702 · Cited by 5
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Adolescents and Young Adults
Unlu, H., Yehia, A., El‐Gayar, S. O., Havanur, A., Deceus, F. G., Brown, S. J., Umar, S. B., Croarkin, P. E., Schneekloth, T. D., & Abulseoud, O. A. (2024) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.012 · Cited by 5
Magnesium in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Airagnes, G., Valter, R., Ducoutumany, G., Vansteene, C., Trabut, J., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Dubertret, C., Matta, J., Charles‐Nelson, A., & Limosin, F. (2023) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agad021 · Cited by 5
Prior Periods of Abstinence Among Adults With an Alcohol Use Disorder: A Qualitative Template Analysis
Ware, O. D., Labos, B. H., Hudgins, D., Irvin, N. A., Buresh, M. E., Bergeria, C. L., & Sweeney, M. M. (2023) · Substance Abuse Research and Treatment · doi:10.1177/11782218231162468 · Cited by 5
Systematische Übersichtsarbeit Antipsychotische Behandlung des Alkoholentzugssyndroms: Fokus Delirium Tremens
Faustmann, T. J., Paschali, M., Kojda, G., Schilbach, L., & Kamp, D. (2025) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-2029-6387 · Cited by 4
Embracing a Nurse-Driven Alcohol Withdrawal Protocol Through Quality Improvement
Barrett, J. J., Jansen, M., Cooper, A. A., Felbinger, M., & Waters, F. (2016) · Journal of Addictions Nursing · doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000142 · Cited by 4
Effects of adjuvant yoga therapy on craving and perceived stress in alcohol dependence syndrome: A randomized control study
Balaji, R., Ramanathan, M., Bhavanani, A. B., & Karri, R. R. (2024) · Archives of Mental Health · doi:10.4103/amh.amh_83_23 · Cited by 4
Alcohol Abuse and Seizures: an Overview of Clinical Notions and Pathogenetic Theories
Preçi, G., & Vyshka, G. (2014) · Clinical and experimental neurology · doi:10.12691/ijcen-2-1-2 · Cited by 4
The Relationship between Alcohol and Seizures: An Overview of the Major Data
Visée, H. (2015) · International Journal of Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.4172/2376-0281.1000141 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal in Critically Ill Patients
Ware, L. R., Schuler, B. R., Goodberlet, M. Z., Marino, K. K., Lupi, K. E., & DeGrado, J. R. (2023) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666231152837 · Cited by 4
Severe alcohol withdrawal in an adolescent male
Friedman, N. A., Seltzer, J. A., Harvey, H. A., Ly, B. T., & Schneir, A. (2023) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.03.006 · Cited by 4
Pharmacotherapeutic management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically Ill patients
Glahn, A., Proskynitopoulos, P. J., Bleich, S., & Hillemacher, T. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1746271 · Cited by 4
High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) level in plasma of alcohol use disorder patients in withdrawal state
Tolmacheva, A. S., Bobrik, D. V., Melamud, M. M., Efremov, I. S., Nevinsky, G. A., Buneva, V. N., Akhmetova, E. A., Asadullin, A. R., & Ermakov, E. A. (2025) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-025-00537-7 · Cited by 3
Benzodiazepine‐receptor agonist prescription in a population of hospitalised patients in four psychogeriatric units in Switzerland
Ribas, M. D. I., Sauser, J., Pélichy, E. G. D., Rubio, M. M., Schuster, J., von Gunten, A., & Haba‐Rubio, J. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14317 · Cited by 3
Die Behandlung des Alkoholentzugs mit Oxazepam oder Clomethiazol – eine naturalistische Beobachtungsstudie
Verthein, U., Kühn, S., Gabriel, K., Mautsch, U., Reimer, J., & Behrendt, K. (2017) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/s-0042-122225 · Cited by 3
Benzodiazepine maintenance for alcohol dependence: A case series
Bharadwaj, B., Kattimani, S., & Arun, A. B. (2017) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/2249-4863.220038 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Closed-Eye Visual Hallucinations Preceding Severe Alcohol Withdrawal
Desai, S. R., Toma, A. E., & Sunik, A. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.17040 · Cited by 3
Treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Sivolap, Y. P. (2021) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2021121061139 · Cited by 3
ADVANCEMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Singh, A. P., Sharma, A. K., & Singh, T. G. (2024) · International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i6.5024 · Cited by 2
Assessing the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal for Alcohol Scale use at Stikland Hospital
Muddapah, C. P., & Weich, L. (2023) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.1915 · Cited by 3
Load and go: Assessing safety outcomes of patients discharged from the emergency department after receiving phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal
Ebeling-Koning, N. E., Goodman, D., Amaducci, A. M., Smith, E., Surmaitis, R. M., Katz, K. D., Koons, A. L., Fikse, D. J., Ferdock, M., Greenberg, M. R., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.13178 · Cited by 2
Anxiolytic, memory improvement, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects of Thymus vulgaris on alcohol withdrawal syndrome in mice
Kouémou, N. E., Savo, F. M., Palé, S., Noubissi, P. A., Nguepi, M. S. D., Taïwé, G. S., & Bum, E. N. (2024) · Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology · doi:10.34172/jhp.2024.51455 · Cited by 2
How can the benefits of dietetic care be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?
McLean, C., Tapsell, L. C., Grafenauer, S., & McMahon, A. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13963 · Cited by 2
The Impact of Alcohol Use on Physical Health
Harris, N. (2024) · Psychiatry update · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73553-0_4 · Cited by 2
Medical Comorbidities in Patients with Alcohol Dependence – Does Nicotine Matter?
Kattimani, S., Bharadwaj, S. S. B., & Menon, S. S. V. (2015) · International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience · doi:10.4172/1522-4821.1000254 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Is medical treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome a Stag Hunt? Challenges and opportunities in managing risk and uncertainty in addiction cessation
Mendoza, R. L. (2017) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s144831 · Cited by 2
Delirium tremens : quoi de neuf pour une vieille maladie ?
Thiercelin, N., Plat, A., Garin, A., & Azuar, J. (2020) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.383 · Cited by 2
Clinical utility of benzodiazepine in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Vadakkan, K., Rajesh, K. S., Tarachandra, S., C, B. R. K., & Joshi, H. N. (2022) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00896 · Cited by 2
Self-Injurious Behavior in Alcohol Withdrawal State Complicated by Delirium – A Case Series
Kumar, S. V. S., & Gopal, N. R. (2022) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_91_21 · Cited by 2
Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorder
Meeks, T. W., Bekman, N. M., Lanouette, N. M., Yung, K., & Vienna, R. P. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05384-0_9 · Cited by 2
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: Clinical Picture and Therapeutic Options
Jesse, S., & Ludolph, A. C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813125-1.00069-6 · Cited by 2
Unmet Needs in the Assessment and Treatment of Psychomotor Agitation
Cuomo, A., Bolognesi, S., Goracci, A., Koukouna, D., Laurenzi, P. F., & Fagiolini, A. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42637-8_7 · Cited by 2
Determination of the relationship between craving and 4-repeat allele of dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism in early withdrawal period of alcohol use disorders
Kaya, H., Kumsar, N. A., Kahve, A. C., Kaya, Ö. B., & Dılbaz, N. (2020) · Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5455/apd.6889 · Cited by 2
Seizures in alcohol withdrawal syndrome
I Klinika Neurologiczna, I. P. I. N., Lasocka, M., Konopko, M., I Klinika Neurologiczna, I. P. I. N., Basińska-Szafrańska, A., Poradnia Zdrowia Psychicznego, Z. P. I. L. U., Rogowski, A., Klinika Położnictwa i Ginekologii, I. M. I. D., Sienkiewicz‐Jarosz, H., & I Klinika Neurologiczna, I. P. I. N. (2020) · Aktualności Neurologiczne · doi:10.15557/an.2020.0008 · Cited by 2
Adaptation and Validation of a scale to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Healthcare Workers Towards Alcohol Withdrawal and Its Detection
Kumar, P. R., Yee, A. H. A., Francis, B., & Danaee, M. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00562-7 · Cited by 2
Alcohol Related Liver Disease
Khan, S., Cain, O. L., & Rajoriya, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84752-4_11 · Cited by 2
Perioperative management of patients with concomitant alcohol dependence. Guidelines
Zabolotskikh, I. B., Belkin, A. A., Av, B., Gorobec, E. S., Grigoriev, E. V., Kuzovlev, A. N., Лебединский, К. М., Lubnin, А. Y., Муронов, А. Е., Ovezov, A. M., et al. (2022) · Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology · doi:10.17116/anaesthesiology20220415 · Cited by 2
Virtual Reality for Anxiety in Alcohol Use Disorder: Myths, Risks, and RealitiesPreprint
Găină, M.-A., Ştefănescu, B., Bostan, C. M., Magurianu, L. A., Axinte, M., Hodorog, D. N., Szalontay, A. S., Ștefănescu, C., & Găină, A. M. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2121.v1 · Cited by 2
Eficácia da terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento do alcoolismo: uma revisão da literatura
dos Santos, M. F. R., & Ferreira, A. D. C. (2023) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv6n5-136 · Cited by 1
Palliative and End of Life Care for People with Substance Use Disorder and Behavioral Health Care
Wilson, L., Amirneni, S., & Kim, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88900-4_9 · Cited by 1
Alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome in Vietnamese hospitalized patients
Loan, N. T. M., Bertino, J., & Kittisopee, T. (2019) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.01.004 · Cited by 1
High levels of benzodiazepines after treatment of moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome: the problem of incomplete detoxification
Basińska-Szafrańska, A. (2022) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2022.114662 · Cited by 1
Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Tool (AWAT) Reliability and Validity: Implications for Nurses Caring for Inpatients With Mental Health Disorders
Davis, C. R., Keen, A., Compton, L., Rader, T., Harbison, R., & Twibell, R. S. (2023) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903231183910 · Cited by 1
Expert opinion on management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in India
Rao, G. P., Shah, N., & Jagadish, A. (2025) · International Journal of Advances in Medicine · doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20250385 · Cited by 1
The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in predicting alcohol withdrawal-induced seizures in patients with alcohol use disorder
Ramakan, E. D., Büyükakça, E., Coskun, C. N., & Alnıak, İ. (2025) · Journal of Dependence · doi:10.51982/bagimli.1581177 · Cited by 1
Consultation-Liaison Case Conference: Altered Mental Status and Hallucinations in Alcohol Use
Bains, A., Meisel, D. L., Nejad, S. H., & Nisavic, M. (2025) · Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaclp.2025.10.333 · Cited by 1
Telepsychiatry in addiction treatment: Evaluating India’s telemedicine guidelines
Muhammed, J. K., Negi, D., & Roshan, B. (2025) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_634_25 · Cited by 1
Phenobarbital as an Adjuvant to benzodiazepines when compared to Single-agent benzodiazepine Treatment (usual care) for Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the intensive care unit (PASTA): a study protocol
Panganiban, H. P., Ricciardone, S. G., Evans, T., Ankravs, M. J., Fazio, T. N., Clark, N., Avasthi, A., MacIsaac, C., Presneill, J., See, E. J., et al. (2026) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-026-01867-x · Cited by 1
Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety - Volume 2
Salen, P. N., & Stawicki, S. P. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104171 · Cited by 1
Improving the Safety of Admitted Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder and Withdrawal
Korson, C., & Nappe, T. M. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.110030 · Cited by 1
Alcohol consumption induces oxidative damage, neuronal injury, and synaptic impairment: Consequences for the brain health
Olesen, M. A., & Quintanilla, R. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89834-8.00043-x · Cited by 1
L’évaluation et la prise en charge du sevrage alcoolique à l’urgence
Tessier, W., Mileto, E., & de Léséleuc, X. (2023) · Soins d’urgence La revue de l’Association des infirmières et infirmiers d’urgence du Québec · doi:10.7202/1108444ar · Cited by 1
Development of clinical prediction model to guide the use of CT head scans for non-traumatic Thai patient with seizure: A cross-sectional study
Suriyanusorn, P., Lokeskrawee, T., Patumanond, J., Lawanaskol, S., & Wongyikul, P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305484 · Cited by 1
Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure
Heo, K., Cho, Y., Eun, S., Lim, S. C., Lee, J., & Song, P. (2017) · Journal of the Korean Neurological Association · doi:10.17340/jkna.2017.3.1 · Cited by 1
Perioperative administration of patients with alcoholic dependence clinical recommendations
Zabolotskikh, I. B., Av, B., Горобец, Е. С., Григорьев, Е. В., Лебединский, К. М., Lubnin, А. Y., Муронов, А. Е., Ovezov, A. M., Ovechkin, A. M., & Shegolev, A. V. (2018) · Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology · doi:10.17116/anaesthesiology201801-02191 · Cited by 1

Authors: Bharadwaj, B., & Kattimani, S.
Affiliations: Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IN)
Corresponding author: Bharadwaj, Balaji
ORCID: Bharadwaj, Balaji
Kattimani, Shivanand
Venue: Industrial Psychiatry Journal
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2013
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Pages: 100
ISSN: 0972-6748 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.132914
PMC: PMC4085800
OpenAlex: W2059915772
Cited by: 154
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 0.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
Locations: Industrial Psychiatry Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, delirium tremens, hallucinations, CAGE questionnaire, supportive care, vitamins, psychosomatic medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Clinical management of alcohol withdrawal: A systematic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks