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Cited by 269Plant chemical constituents analysisMedicinal Plant ResearchPhytochemicals and Medicinal Plants

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 32 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Anethum graveolens: An Indian traditional medicinal herb and spice

Open access
Shekhawat, GS, Jana, S·2010·Pharmacognosy Reviews

Abstract

Anethum graveolens L. (dill) has been used in ayurvedic medicines since ancient times and it is a popular herb widely used as a spice and also yields essential oil. It is an aromatic and annual herb of apiaceae family. The Ayurvedic uses of dill seeds are carminative, stomachic and diuretic. There are various volatile components of dill seeds and herb; carvone being the predominant odorant of dill seed and α-phellandrene, limonene, dill ether, myristicin are the most important odorants of dill herb. Other compounds isolated from seeds are coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and steroids. The main purpose of this review is to understand the significance of Anethum graveolens in ayurvedic medicines and non-medicinal purposes and emphasis can also be given to the enhancement of secondary metabolites of this medicinal plant.

Overview

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TL;DR

This narrative review summarizes the traditional Ayurvedic, culinary, and industrial uses of *Anethum graveolens* L. (dill) alongside its phytochemistry and reported pharmacological activities. It argues that the plant's monoterpenes—particularly carvone and limonene—are commercially valuable and that in vitro tissue culture could enhance their production.

Key findings

  • Dill is used in more than 56 Ayurvedic preparations (e.g., Dasmoolarishtam, Dhanwanthararishtam, Saraswatharishtam) and is described in Ayurveda as carminative, stomachic, and diuretic, with uses for colic, abdominal discomfort, and digestion.
  • Seventeen volatile compounds have been identified in the plant; dill oil is described as containing 40–60% d-carvone (listed as 23.1%) with d-limonene (45%), plus α-phellandrene, eugenol, anethole, flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, and phenolic acids. The fruit yields about 3.5% oil, with specific gravity 0.895–0.915.
  • Reported pharmacological effects include antimicrobial activity against *S. aureus*, *E. coli*, *P. aeruginosa*, *S. typhimurium*, *Shigella flexneri*, and *Salmonella typhii*; mucosal protective, antisecretory, and anti-ulcer activity against HCl- and ethanol-induced lesions in mice; antispasmodic relaxant effects on rat ileum; and antihyperlipidemic/antioxidant effects in rats fed a high-fat diet.
  • The review notes commercial demand: a survey of four West European countries estimated overall demand for freeze-dried herb at less than 300 tonnes per annum, and anethole at 60 minims is described as a fairly potent vermicide for hookworm.

Methods

  • Narrative literature review; no primary experimental data are reported by the authors.
  • Synthesizes Ayurvedic, Unani, botanical, ecological, phytochemical, and pharmacological literature, including cited in vitro and in vivo animal studies (mice, rats) and chemical analyses.
  • Includes a phytochemical screening table for seeds, leaves, and roots (tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids) and a table of important compounds, plus a described enzymatic pathway for limonene and carvone synthesis from geranyl diphosphate.

Limitations

  • The paper states no formal limitations section; it acknowledges that "very less in vitro research has been performed on this potential plant species" and that several physiological and biochemical parameters remain unknown.
  • Evident from the text: this is a non-systematic narrative review with no stated search strategy, inclusion criteria, or quality appraisal, and it reports no original data or quantitative synthesis.
  • Evident from the text: many efficacy claims are attributed to cited studies without reporting doses, sample sizes, or effect sizes, and several traditional-use claims (e.g., curing urinary complaints, piles, and mental disorders) are presented without supporting experimental evidence.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4103/0973-7847.70915

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Figures

Figure 1 (a) Seeds, (b) plants (c) inflorescence
Figure 1 (a) Seeds, (b) plants (c) inflorescenceCC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Enzymatic pathway depicting synthesis of limonene and carvone in seeds of Anethum graveolens
Figure 2 Enzymatic pathway depicting synthesis of limonene and carvone in seeds of Anethum graveolensCC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

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Claims other papers make about this one

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Self-check

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Citations

Cites

Show all 40 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Ravindran P, Balachandran I. Under utilized medicinal spices II, Spice India. Vol. 17. India: Publisher V K Krishnan Nair; 2005. p. 32-6.
  2. Warrier PK, Nambiar VPK, Ramakutty C, Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1. Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal Madras, India: Orient Longman Limited; 1994. p. 153-4.
  3. Kirtikar KP, Basu BD, Mahaskar C. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2, 2nd ed. Allahabad: International Book Distributors; 1987. p. 1219.
  4. Mohele, 1985, UV-induced biosynthesis of quercetin 3-o-beta-d-glucuronide in dill Anethum graveolens cell cultures, Phytochem, 183
  5. Yazdanparast, 2007, Improvement of liver antioxidant status in hypercholesterolamic rats treated with A.graveolens extracts, Pharmacologyonline, 88
  6. Aiyelaagbe, 2009, Phytochemical screening for active compounds in Mangifera indica leaves from Ibadan, Oyo state, Plant Sci Res, 11
  7. Sehgal, 1978, Differentiation of shoot buds and embryoids from inflorescence of Anethum graveolens in cultures, Phytomorphol, 291
  8. Stockigt, 1985, The natural product and enzymes from plant cell culture, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 97

Cited by

Items 101–200 of 265

Metadata

Authors
Shekhawat, G., & Jana, S.
Affiliations
Banasthali University (IN)
Corresponding author
Shekhawat, GS
ORCID
Jana, S
Venue
Pharmacognosy Reviews
Published
2010
Volume
4
Issue
8
Pages
179
ISSN
  • 0973-6581 (ISSN-L)
  • 0973-7847
OpenAlex
W2159773548
Cited by
269
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Pharmacognosy Reviews/Bioinformatics Trends/Pharmacognosy review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University Grants Commission
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant chemical constituents analysis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
Keywords
dill, Ayurveda, medicinal plants, spices, essential oils, carvone, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, secondary metabolites

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.