Challenges and guidelines for clinical trial of herbal drugs
Open accessAbstract
World Health Organization (WHO) has defined herbal medicines as finished labeled medicinal product that contain an active ingredient, aerial, or underground parts of the plant or other plant material or combinations. According to a report of WHO, about 80% of the world population is reported to rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Even in the developed countries, complementary or alternative medicine is gaining popularity. A report of a global survey on national policy on traditional medicine and regulation of herbal medicines indicated that about 50 countries including China, Japan, and Germany already have their national policy and laws on regulations of traditional medicines. Herbal drugs possess a long history of its use and better patient tolerance. These are cheaper and easily available in countries like India due to rich agro culture conditions. However, reckless utilization of resources threatens the sustainability of several plant species. Traditional medicines are governed by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules of 1945. In 1959, the Government of India amended the Drugs and Cosmetics Act to include drugs that are derived from traditional Indian medicine. In 1993, the guidelines for the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines developed by an expert committee directed that the procedures laid down by the office of the Drug Controller General of India for allopathic drugs should be followed for all traditional and herbal products to enter into clinical trials for any therapeutic condition. However, there are certain loop holes in the clinical trials of herbal drugs as the lack of stringent bylaws and regulations. Hence, a deep insight of important challenges and major regulatory guidelines for clinical trial of herbal drugs and botanicals is discussed in the present communication. There is lack of scientific evidence to evaluate safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. The quality of the trial drug has to be tested for batch-to-batch uniformity of the active constituents. It is very difficult to have active and control groups with identical color, smell and taste of the herbal drug, which cannot be imitated while manufacturing a placebo. These challenges can be reduced or overcome by applying most recent methodologies and guidelines for clinical trials. Since the quality control of herbal medicines is complicated and difficult, relevant and appropriate requirements should be established for the assessment of safety and efficacy for different categorized herbal medicines to reduce cost and expenditure. And, efforts should be made for the integration of traditional medicine into national healthcare systems. Different challenges and regulatory guidelines discussed for the clinical trial of herbal drugs will be useful for various industries for considering it before going ahead for clinical trial of their product.
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Development of scientific, evidence-based pharmacological and clinical data for plant-based medicinal products can break the hurdle and initiate integration into conventional medical practices.
“The development of scientific, evidence-based pharmacological and clinical data for plant-based medicinal products can break the hurdle and initiate the integration of herbal medicines into conventional medical practices [175].”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [175]
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Signal Detection and Assessment of Herb–Drug Interactions: Saudi Food and Drug Authority Experience
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Herbalism and glass-based materials in dentistry: review of the current state of the art
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Heavy metals contamination in two species of medicinal plants in the Iranian market
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Probiotics and Allergic Rhinitis: A Simon Two-Stage Design to Determine Effectiveness
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Controlling diabetes with the aid of medicinal herbs: a critical compilation of a decade of research
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Safety pharmacology and subchronic toxicity of jinqing granules in rats
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Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine
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Phytopharmaceuticals and Herbal Approaches to Target Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Targeting Ocular Biofilms with Plant-Derived Antimicrobials in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance
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Socioeconomic Values of Herbal Medicine
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Evidence-based production framework for herbal medicine regulation in Indonesia
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Quality-By-Design Strategy for Developing Novel Herbal Products
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The advances in polyherbal formulation
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Promising Ursolic Acid as a Novel Antituberculosis Agent: Current Progress and Challenges
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in selected medicinal plants: a mini review
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Medicinal plants are the basis of natural cosmetics
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A pre-trial evaluation of blinding for a Chinese herbal medicine trial
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Therapeutic efficacy and cost effectiveness of herbal drugs – A reasonable approach
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A Review of Safety, Quality, Regulation, and Delivery Approaches for Phytopharmaceuticals
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Safety of Herbal Medicines in Children
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A COMPREHENSION STUDY ON REGULATION OF HERBAL DRUGS IN USA, EUROPEAN UNION AND INDIA
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- Authors
- Ahmad, S., Parveen, A., Parveen, B., & Parveen, R.
- Affiliations
- Jamia Hamdard (IN)
- Fortis Escorts Heart Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Sayeed
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 329
- ISSN
- 0975-7406 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4678978
- OpenAlex
- W2233625034
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- herbal drugs, regulatory guidelines, traditional medicine regulation, herbal medicine quality control
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