Uncoupling protein 2 in the glial response to stress: Implications for neuroprotection
Open accessAbstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals thought to mediate the neurotoxic effects of several neurodegenerative disorders. In the central nervous system, ROS can also trigger a phenotypic switch in both astrocytes and microglia that further aggravates neurodegeneration, termed reactive gliosis. Negative regulators of ROS, such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) are neuroprotective factors that decrease neuron loss in models of stroke, epilepsy, and parkinsonism. However, it is unclear whether UCP2 acts purely to prevent ROS production, or also to prevent gliosis. In this review article, we discuss published evidence supporting the hypothesis that UCP2 is a neuroprotective factor both through its direct effects in decreasing mitochondrial ROS and through its effects in astrocytes and microglia. A major effect of UCP2 activation in glia is a change in the spectrum of secreted cytokines towards a more anti-inflammatory spectrum. There are multiple mechanisms that can control the level or activity of UCP2, including a variety of metabolites and microRNAs. Understanding these mechanisms will be key to exploitingthe protective effects of UCP2 in therapies for multiple neurodegenerative conditions.
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The beneficial effect of UCP2 was also observed in traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative conditions.
“This beneficial effect of UCP2 was also observed in traumatic brain injury [292] or neurodegenerative conditions [293].”
From Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [293]
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- Authors
- Barnstable, C., & Hass, D.
- Venue
- Neural Regeneration Research
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1197
- ISSN
- 1673-5374 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5020804
- OpenAlex
- W2517341189
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Neural Regeneration Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- UCP2, reactive oxygen species, reactive gliosis, astrocytes, microglia, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, anti-inflammatory response, microRNA, metabolites, stroke, epilepsy, parkinsonism
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