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Risk factors for corticosteroid insufficiency during the sub-acute phase of acute traumatic brain injury
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction may lead to the occurrence of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency can easily occur after traumatic brain injury, but few studies have examined this occurrence. A multicenter, prospective, cohort study was performed to evaluate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the incidence of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency during the sub-acute phase of traumatic brain injury. One hundred and forty patients with acute traumatic brain injury were enrolled from the neurosurgical departments of three tertiary-level hospitals in China, and the critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency incidence, critical-illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency-related risk factors, complications, and 28-day mortality among these patients was recorded. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency was diagnosed in patients with plasma total cortisol levels less than 10 μg/dL (275.9 nM) on post-injury day 4 or when serum cortisol was insufficiently suppressed (less than 50%) during a dexamethasone suppression test on post-injury day 5. The results demonstrated that critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency occurred during the sub-acute phase of traumatic brain injury in 5.6% of patients with mild injury, 22.5% of patients with moderate injury, and 52.2% of patients with severe injury. Traumatic brain injury-induced critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency was strongly correlated to injury severity during the sub-acute stage of traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury patients with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency frequently presented with hemorrhagic cerebral contusions, diffuse axonal injury, brain herniation, and hypotension. Differences in the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and 28-day mortality were observed between patients with and without critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency during the sub-acute phase of traumatic brain injury. Hypotension, brain-injury severity, and the types of traumatic brain injury were independent risk factors for traumatic brain injury-induced critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. These findings indicate that critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency is common during the sub-acute phase of traumatic brain injury and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. The dexamethasone suppression test is a practical assay for the evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and for the diagnosis of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency in patients with traumatic brain injury, especially those with hypotension, hemorrhagic cerebral contusions, diffuse axonal injury, and brain herniation. Sub-acute infection of acute traumatic brain injury may be an important factor associated with the occurrence and development of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, China in December 2011 (approval No. 201189).
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“In a previous study, CIRCI was present in 5,6%, 22,5% and 52,2% of mild, moderate and severe TBI, respectively, and was associated with poor prognosis (Chen et al., 2020).”
From Acute neuroendocrine changes after traumatic brain injury (2024) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2020
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Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency
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“Consequently, the disappearance of this negative feedback loop indicates compromised HPA axis function and the presence of CIRCI (Fleseriu and Loriaux, 2009; Direk et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2016; Findling and Raff, 2017; Teblick et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHistologic study of the human pituitary gland in acute traumatic brain injury
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Cited by
Acute neuroendocrine changes after traumatic brain injury
Magyar-Sumegi, Z. D., Stankovics, L., Lendvai-Emmert, D., Czigler, A., Hegedus, E., Csendes, M., Toth, L., Ungvari, Z., Buki, A., & Toth, P. (2024) · Brain and Spine · doi:10.1016/j.bas.2024.102830 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, X., Chai, Y., Wang, S.-B., Wang, J.-C., Yue, S.-Y., Jiang, R.-C., & Zhang, J.-N.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Venue
- Neural Regeneration Research
- Published
- 2020-01-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1259-1265
- ISSN
- 1673-5374
- 1876-7958
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
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