CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 395Trace Elements in HealthHeavy Metal Exposure and ToxicityIron Metabolism and Disorders

Trace Elements in Human Nutrition (II)—An Update

Open access
Mehri, Aliasgharpour·2020·International Journal of Preventive Medicine
DOI 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_48_19PMC PMC6993532
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The dietary requirement for an essential trace element is an intake level which meets a specified criterion for adequacy and thereby minimizes risk of nutrient deficiency or excess. Disturbances in trace element homeostasis may result in the development of pathologic states and diseases. This article is an update of a review article “Trace Elements in Human Nutrition-A Review” previously published in 2013. The previous review was updated to emphasis in detail the importance of known trace elements so far in humans’ physiology and nutrition and also to implement the detailed information for practical and effective management of trace elements’ status in clinical diagnosis and health care situations. Although various classifications for trace elements have been proposed and may be controversial, this review will use World Health Organization(WHO) classification as previously done. For this review a traditional integrated review format was chosen and many recent medical and scientific literatures for the new findings on bioavailability, functions, and state of excess/deficiency of trace elements were assessed. The results indicated that for the known essential elements, essentiality and toxicity are unrelated and toxicity is a matter of dose or exposure. Little is known about the essentiality of some of the probably essential elements. In regard to toxic heavy metals, a toxic element may nevertheless be essential. In addition, the early pathological manifestations of trace elements deficiency or excess are difficult to detect until more specific pathologically relevant indicators become available. Discoveries and many refinements in the development of new techniques and continual improvement in laboratory methods have enabled researchers to detect the early pathological consequences of deficiency or excess of trace elements. They all are promises to fulfill the gaps in the present and future research and clinical diagnosis of trace elements deficiencies or intoxications. However, further investigations are needed to complete the important gaps in our knowledge on trace elements, especially probably essential trace elements’ role in health and disease status.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_48_19

Cites

144 of 144 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are essential for human health and exert numerous functions including antioxidant defence.

    “Despite their tiny amount, micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and minerals, are essential for human health, exerting numerous functions, including antioxidant defence ranging from genome-related processes, such as DNA replication and repair, to metabolic processes and antioxidant defence [407,408].”

    From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [408]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. [1]Aliasgharpour M Farzami MR Trace elements in human nutrition: A review Int J Med Invest 2013 2 115 28
  2. [13]United States Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicological review of hexavalent chromium. CAS No.(8540-29-9) 1998 Washington, DC US Environmental Protection Agency 39869745
  3. [25]Milne BD Burtis CA Ashwood ER Trace elements Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry 1994 2nd ed USA Saunders Co 1335 38
  4. [28]Aliasgharpour M A review on copper, ceruloplasmin and Wilson's disease Int J Med Invest 2015 4 344 7
  5. [33]Das M Das R Need of education and awareness towards zinc supplementation: A review Int J Nutr Metab 2012 4 45 50
  6. [38]Tuormaa TE Adverse effects of zinc deficiency: A review from the literature J Orthomol Med 1995 10 149 64
  7. [41]King JC Klein CL Shils ME Olson JA Shike M Zinc Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease 2000 Philadelphia Lippincott 223
  8. [64]Anke MK Merian E Anke M Ihnat M Stoeppler M Molybdenum Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment 2004 Weinheim Wiley-VCH Verlag 1007 37
  9. [68]Fisher DA Stanbury JB John B John Burton Thyroid hormone and iodine requirements in man during brain development Iodine in Pregnancy 1998 Delhi Oxford University Press 1 33
  10. [69]Delange F Bourdoux P Chanoine JP Ermans AM Berger H Physiopathology of iodine nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and early postnatal life Vitamins and Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation 1988 New York, NY Raven Press 205 14
  11. [77]Kopp P De Groot LJ Beck-Peccoz P Chrousos G Dungan K Grossman A Hershman JM Thyrotoxicosis of other etiologies Endotext (Comprehensive Free Online Endocrinology Book) 2000 Last accessed on 2019 Jan 15 South Dartmouth, MA MDText.com. Inc Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285562
  12. [105]Hostynek JJ Maibach HL Nickel and the Skin 2002 Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 1 249
  13. [124]Rehder D Woollins D Crabtree B Atwood D Meyer G Inorganic and coordination compounds of vanadium Bioinorganic vanadium chemistry 2008 New York Wiley and Sons, Ltd 13 49
  14. [135]Stamp TC Macrae R Robinson RK Sadler MJ Fluoride Encyclopedia of Food Science, Food Technology, and Nutrition 1993 London Academic Press 1932
  15. [136]Recommended Dietary Allowances. Editors; National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on the 10th ed. of the Recommended Dietary Allowances 1989 Washington, DC National Academies Press (US)
  16. [137]National academies of sciences engineering and medicine: Fluoride in Drinking Water A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards 2006
  17. [145]Raphael Rubin R Strayer DS Rubin's pathology: Clinicopathologic foundations of medicine 2008 5th ed Pennsylvania, USA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (LWW)
  18. [147]Wigle DT Child Health and the Environment 2003 New York, NY Oxford University Press
  19. [150]Lansdown R Yule W Lead Toxicity: History and Environmental Impact (The Johns Hopkins Series in Environmental Toxicology) 1986 Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins University Press
  20. [153]Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR), US Toxicological Profile for Cadmium 2012 Last accessed on 2019 Jan 12 Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ 24049863
  21. [154]Liu J Goyer RA Waalkes MP Klaassen CD Toxic effects of metals Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons 2008 7th ed New York, NY McGraw-Hill 931 80
  22. [158]Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR), US. Toxicological Profile for Mercury 1999 Last accessed on 2019 Jan 12 Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ 39813373
  23. [163]Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR), US. Toxicological Profile for Aluminum 2008 Last accessed on 2019 Jan 18 Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ 37983316
  24. [171]Gielen M Tiekink ER Metallotherapeutic drugs and metal-based diagnostic agents 2005 Wiley & Sons Ltd
  25. [184]The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition: Fiftieth Anniversary Printing". hmhbooks.com. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Retrieved September 19, 2019
  26. [190]Schwarz K Brown SS Essentiality versus toxicity of metals Clinical Chemistry and Chemical Toxicology of Metals 1977 New York Elsevier/North Holland 3 22
  27. [191]Baer L Gershon S Shopsin B Pharmacology – Lithium absorption, distribution, renal handling, and effect on body electrolytes Lithium 1973 Boston, MA Springer 33 49

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Mehri, A.
Affiliations
Department of Biochemistry, Reference Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Venue
International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2020-01
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
2-2
ISSN
  • 2008-7802 (ISSN-L)
  • 2008-8213
DOI
10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_48_19
PMC
PMC6993532
OpenAlex
W3004077193
Cited by
395
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 49 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 19
FWCI
6.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • International Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Keywords
trace elements, essential trace elements, nutrient requirements, trace element homeostasis, trace element deficiency, trace element toxicity, bioavailability, heavy metal toxicity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review