The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depressive symptoms and psychological distress from antenatal to postnatal period in women with high-risk pregnancy: A prospective study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental disorders in postnatal period remains unknown. AIM: The study aimed to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may aggravate depressive symptoms and psychological distress of women with high-risk pregnancy in postnatal period. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on women with complicated pregnancies from antenatal to postnatal period. In the first phase, from December 2019 to January 2020 (before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic), 122 pregnant women filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Brief Symptom Inventory 53-items (BSI-53). In the second phase, with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic from February to June, 30% of the participants (41/122) completed three questionnaires: EPDS, BSI-53, and the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale in postpartum period. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, from antenatal to postnatal period, the depression score of EPDS, total scores, all the subscales of BSI-53, and global severity index-53 increased in women with high-risk pregnancy. Furthermore, the persistence of antenatal depression occurred in 85.7% of the participants, and the onset of postnatal depression occurred in 80% of them. About 12% of the women also experienced PTSD symptoms during the postnatal period. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic may aggravate the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with high-risk pregnancy. The study calls for clinical implementation to identify and help women with mental disorders in postnatal period, especially women experiencing complicated pregnancies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of pregnant women, with more than one-third reporting clinically relevant symptoms of depression and more than half of women reporting clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety (2–4).”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition to these common barriers, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy, increasing the demand for mental health care.”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hamidia et al. showed that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with a high-risk pregnancy (4).”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650
COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature
Rajkumar, R. P. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066 · Cited by 3,574
Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083 · Cited by 1,759
Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., Wu, L., Sun, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921 · Cited by 1,548
Prins, A., Bovin, M. J., Smolenski, D. J., Marx, B. P., Kimerling, R., Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Kaloupek, D. G., Schnurr, P. P., Kaiser, A. P., Leyva, Y. E., et al. (2016) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3703-5 · Cited by 1,303
Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak
Asmundson, G. J. G., & Taylor, S. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102196 · Cited by 1,103
Yildiz, P. D., Ayers, S., & Phillips, L. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009 · Cited by 768
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risk of depression in pregnancy among pregnant women undergoing high-risk prenatal care
Ribeiro, G. D. M., Cieto, J. F., & Silva, M. M. D. J. (2022) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0470en · Cited by 28
Schiele, C., Goetz, M., Hassdenteufel, K., Müller, M., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., & Wallwiener, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939577 · Cited by 12
“showed that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with a highrisk pregnancy (4).”
BackgroundYan, S., Fan, W., Ma, Y., Xie, S., Li, R., Lan, Y., Xie, L., & Jing, J. (2024) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s458763 · Cited by 10
Mirtabar, S. M., Kheirkhah, F., Basirat, Z., Barat, S., Pahlavan, Z., Ghadimi, R., Gholinia, H., Fateri, N., Zarinkamar, B., & Faramarzi, M. (2022) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.711 · Cited by 7
Basirat, Z., Ramaezani, F., Sepidarkish, M., Kashifard, M., & Faramarzi, M. (2022) · Gynecologie et obstetrique · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1768997 · Cited by 7
Sioma-Markowska, U., Krawczyk, P., & Brzęk, A. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11142005 · Cited by 6
Trajectories of distress from pregnancy to 15-months post-partum during the COVID-19 pandemic
Khoury, J. E., Jambon, M. M., Giles, L., Atkinson, L. R., & González, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1104386 · Cited by 5
Shafiq, S. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06780-w · Cited by 5
Faramarzi, M., Hamidia, A., Kheirkhah, F., Basirat, Z., Ghadimi, R., Chehrazi, M., Barat, S., Cuijpers, P. J., O’Connor, E., & Mirtabar, S. M. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews · doi:10.2174/2666082218666220629090101 · Cited by 4
Shahrokhi, S., Basirat, Z., Barat, S., Kheirkhah, F., O’Connor, E., Mirtabar, S. M., Gholinia, H., & Faramarzi, M. (2024) · The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India · doi:10.1007/s13224-024-01946-0 · Cited by 3
Hamidia, A., Hosseini, F., Barat, S., Khafri, S., Khorshidian, F., Shahrokhi, S., & Faramarzi, M. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00184-8 · Cited by 2
Gangi, F., Faramarzi, M., Bouzari, Z., Khafri, S., Bazgir, M. R., & Netadj, M. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71133 · Cited by 3
Risco de depressão na gravidez entre gestantes inseridas na assistência pré-natal de alto risco
Ribeiro, G. D. M., Cieto, J. F., & Silva, M. M. D. J. (2022) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0470pt · Cited by 1
Understanding the experiences of birthing care during COVID-19: A qualitative systematic review
Macdonald, D., Bigelow-Talbert, K., Ross‐White, A., Snelgrove‐Clarke, E., & Sookhoo, L. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100295 · Cited by 1
Systemic Review: Postpartum Depression during Covid-19 Pandemic
Pradhan, S. (2025) · International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation · doi:10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.2.1492-1497
Mohammadi, S., Nasiri-Amiri, F., Rad, H. A., Faramarzi, M., Nikbakht, H., Omidvar, S., & Ghanbarpour, A. (2026) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_2058_24
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamidia, A., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Basirat, Z., Ghadimi, R., Chehrazi, M., Barat, S., Cuijpers, P., O’Connor, E., & Mirtabar, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Babol University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
- ORCID
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 536-542
- ISSN
- 0019-5545 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8793707
- OpenAlex
- W4206099563
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, postpartum depression, antenatal depression, high-risk pregnancy, complicated pregnancy, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, postpartum mental health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
