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Depressive symptoms and psychological distress from antenatal to postnatal period in women with high-risk pregnancy: A prospective study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental disorders in postnatal period remains unknown. AIM: The study aimed to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may aggravate depressive symptoms and psychological distress of women with high-risk pregnancy in postnatal period. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on women with complicated pregnancies from antenatal to postnatal period. In the first phase, from December 2019 to January 2020 (before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic), 122 pregnant women filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Brief Symptom Inventory 53-items (BSI-53). In the second phase, with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic from February to June, 30% of the participants (41/122) completed three questionnaires: EPDS, BSI-53, and the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale in postpartum period. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, from antenatal to postnatal period, the depression score of EPDS, total scores, all the subscales of BSI-53, and global severity index-53 increased in women with high-risk pregnancy. Furthermore, the persistence of antenatal depression occurred in 85.7% of the participants, and the onset of postnatal depression occurred in 80% of them. About 12% of the women also experienced PTSD symptoms during the postnatal period. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic may aggravate the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with high-risk pregnancy. The study calls for clinical implementation to identify and help women with mental disorders in postnatal period, especially women experiencing complicated pregnancies.
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“In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of pregnant women, with more than one-third reporting clinically relevant symptoms of depression and more than half of women reporting clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety (2–4).”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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“In addition to these common barriers, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy, increasing the demand for mental health care.”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Hamidia et al. showed that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with a high-risk pregnancy (4).”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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“showed that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with a highrisk pregnancy (4).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hamidia, A., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Basirat, Z., Ghadimi, R., Chehrazi, M., Barat, S., Cuijpers, P., O’Connor, E., & Mirtabar, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Babol University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
- ORCID
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 536-542
- ISSN
- 0019-5545 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8793707
- OpenAlex
- W4206099563
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, postpartum depression, antenatal depression, high-risk pregnancy, complicated pregnancy, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, postpartum mental health
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