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The forgotten plague: Psychiatric manifestations of ebola, zika, and emerging infectious diseases
Open accessAbstract
The media and public health generally focus on the biological and physical ramifications of epidemics. Mental health issues that coincide with emerging diseases and epidemics are rarely examined and sometimes, even eschewed due to cultural considerations. Psychiatric manifestations of various infectious diseases, especially with a focus on Ebola Virus disease (EVD) and Zika Virus, are discussed in this commentary to illustrate the continued need of care after the resolution of the actual illness. Various infectious diseases have associations with mental illness, such as an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive disorders and Tourette syndrome in children with Group B streptococcal infection. Current EVD literature does not demonstrate a strong association of mental illness symptoms or diseases but there is a necessity of care that extends beyond the illness. Patients and their families experience depression, anxiety, trauma, suicidal ideation, panic and other manifestations. Zika virus has been associated neuronal injury, genetic alteration that affects fetal development and detrimental maternal mental health symptoms are being documented. While funding calls from the international community are present, there are no specific epidemiological data or fiscal estimates solely for mental health during or after infectious diseases epidemics or disasters that support health care providers and strengthen policies and procedures for responding to such situations. Therefore, those on the frontlines of epidemics including emergency physicians, primary care providers and infectious disease specialists should serve communicate this need and advocate for sustained and increased funding for mental health programs to heighten public awareness regarding acute psychiatric events during infectious diseases outbreaks and offer treatment and support when necessary.
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“Similar psychological effects have been found from wars and previous disease outbreaks [10–13].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
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“Subsequent studies demonstrated that outbreak-specific stressors resulted in poorer mental health outcomes for all groups, with increased rates of sleep disturbance, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety in the short and long term (Mak et al., 2009; Tucci et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2009; Vetter et al., 2016).”
From Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review (2020) · cites this paper as Tucci et al., 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tucci, V., Moukaddam, N., Meadows, J., Shah, S., Galwankar, S., & Kapur, G.
- Affiliations
- Community Health Systems - Merit Health Wesley (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Touro College (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Jackson Memorial Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tucci, Veronica
- Venue
- Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 151
- ISSN
- 0974-777X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5750439
- OpenAlex
- W2775190899
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Global Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Keywords
- Ebola virus disease, Zika virus, emerging infectious diseases, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, trauma, maternal mental health, group B streptococcal infection, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, mental health funding, mental health policy
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