The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The forgotten plague: Psychiatric manifestations of ebola, zika, and emerging infectious diseases
Open accessAbstract
The media and public health generally focus on the biological and physical ramifications of epidemics. Mental health issues that coincide with emerging diseases and epidemics are rarely examined and sometimes, even eschewed due to cultural considerations. Psychiatric manifestations of various infectious diseases, especially with a focus on Ebola Virus disease (EVD) and Zika Virus, are discussed in this commentary to illustrate the continued need of care after the resolution of the actual illness. Various infectious diseases have associations with mental illness, such as an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive disorders and Tourette syndrome in children with Group B streptococcal infection. Current EVD literature does not demonstrate a strong association of mental illness symptoms or diseases but there is a necessity of care that extends beyond the illness. Patients and their families experience depression, anxiety, trauma, suicidal ideation, panic and other manifestations. Zika virus has been associated neuronal injury, genetic alteration that affects fetal development and detrimental maternal mental health symptoms are being documented. While funding calls from the international community are present, there are no specific epidemiological data or fiscal estimates solely for mental health during or after infectious diseases epidemics or disasters that support health care providers and strengthen policies and procedures for responding to such situations. Therefore, those on the frontlines of epidemics including emergency physicians, primary care providers and infectious disease specialists should serve communicate this need and advocate for sustained and increased funding for mental health programs to heighten public awareness regarding acute psychiatric events during infectious diseases outbreaks and offer treatment and support when necessary.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similar psychological effects have been found from wars and previous disease outbreaks [10–13].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Subsequent studies demonstrated that outbreak-specific stressors resulted in poorer mental health outcomes for all groups, with increased rates of sleep disturbance, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety in the short and long term (Mak et al., 2009; Tucci et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2009; Vetter et al., 2016).”
From Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review (2020) · cites this paper as Tucci et al., 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Emerging Infectious Diseases: Threats to Human Health and Global Stability
Morens, D. M., & Fauci, A. S. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003467 · Cited by 638
Lever, A. G., & Geurts, H. M. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2722-8 · Cited by 572 · cited 1×
“”[24,25] Autism spectrum conditions can lead to secondary psychological sequela, such as depression and anxiety.[26] Various viral and immunology researchers have commented on how pathogens, such as Zika, could play a contributory role in the development of a variety of psychiatric diseases.”
Background(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.1.110 · Cited by 371
The 2014 Ebola Outbreak and Mental Health: Current Status and Recommended Response
Shultz, J. M., Baingana, F., & Neria, Y. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17934 · Cited by 324
Lyme disease: a neuropsychiatric illness
Fallon, B. A., & Nields, J. A. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.11.1571 · Cited by 215
Ebola’s mental-health wounds linger in Africa
Reardon, S. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/519013a · Cited by 205
Abdulaziz, M., Sheikh, T. L., Gidado, S., Poggensee, G., Nguku, P., Olayinka, A., Ohuabunwo, C. J., Waziri, N., Shuaib, F. M. B., Adeyemi, J. D., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2167-6 · Cited by 163
The Evolution and Eradication of Infectious Diseases
Cockburn, T. A. (1964) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.1964.0020 · Cited by 121
Greenberg, N. L., Wessely, S. C., & Wykes, T. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2014.1000676 · Cited by 100
Pfefferbaum, B. J., Schonfeld, D. J., Flynn, B. W., Norwood, A. E., Dodgen, D. W., Kaul, R. E., Donato, D., Stone, B., Brown, L. M., Reissman, D. B., et al. (2012) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1001/dmp.2012.2 · Cited by 99
Roo, A. D., Bwaka, M. A., Rose, B., Guimard, Y., Fonck, K., & Colebunders, R. (1998) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00322.x · Cited by 98
Ebola: translational science considerations
Chiappelli, F., Bakhordarian, A., Thames, A. D., Du, A. M., Jan, A. L., Nahcivan, M., Nguyen, M. T., Sama, N., Manfrini, E., Piva, F., et al. (2015) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0362-3 · Cited by 63
Hatalski, C. G., Lewis, A. J., & Lipkin, W. I. (1997) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0302.970205 · Cited by 62
Oliveira, S. J. G. D. S., de Melo, E. S., Reinheimer, D. M., Gurgel, R. Q., Santos, V. S., & Martins‐Filho, P. R. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0654-0 · Cited by 48
Infectious Diseases and Mental Illness: Is There a Link?
McSweegan, E. F. (1998) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0401.980118 · Cited by 33
Leptospirosis presenting as a flaccid paraplegia
Mumford, C. J., Dudley, N. J., & Terry, H. (1990) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.773.218 · Cited by 25
Zika virus challenges for neuropsychiatry
Teixeira, A. L., Silva, A. C. S. E., Moreira, J. M., & Romanelli, R. M. D. C. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s113037 · Cited by 11
Zika virus and neurology: proving cause and effect
Massey, T. H., & Robertson, N. P. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8165-5 · Cited by 4
Critical Choices for the WHO After the Ebola Epidemic
Gostin, L. O. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6940 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American College of Emergency Physcians. Emergency Physicians Need More Resources to Manage Ebola; 20 October, 2014. Press Release; 2014. Available from: http://www.newsroom.acep.org/2014-10-20-Emergency-Physicians-Need-More-Resources-to-Manage-Ebola. [Last cited on 2016 Aug 10].
Cited by
Sorted by citations
“Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies
Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008 · Cited by 1,852
Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202043 · Cited by 1,699
Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., Mensi, S., Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., Di Marco, A., Rossi, A., Siracusano, A., & Di Lorenzo, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00790 · Cited by 1,448
Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak
Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076 · Cited by 763
Connor, J., Madhavan, S., Mokashi, M., Amanuel, H., Johnson, N. R., Pace, L. E., & Bartz, D. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113364 · Cited by 555
Metadata
- Authors
- Tucci, V., Moukaddam, N., Meadows, J., Shah, S., Galwankar, S., & Kapur, G.
- Affiliations
- Community Health Systems - Merit Health Wesley (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Touro College (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Jackson Memorial Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tucci, Veronica
- Venue
- Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 151
- ISSN
- 0974-777X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5750439
- OpenAlex
- W2775190899
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Global Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Keywords
- Ebola virus disease, Zika virus, emerging infectious diseases, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, trauma, maternal mental health, group B streptococcal infection, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, mental health funding, mental health policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
