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Cited by 57Ovarian function and disordersDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsGenetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases

Body composition, metabolic characteristics, and insulin resistance in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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Paul, ThomasV, Satyaraddi, Anil, Cherian, KripaElizabeth, Kapoor, Nitin, Kunjummen, AleyammaThaiparambil, Kamath, MohanS, Thomas, Nihal·2019·Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
DOI 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_2_19PMC PMC6594114
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Abstract

Objectives: The objective was to compare body composition, metabolic characteristics, and insulin resistance between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and nonobese PCOS (BMI <25 kg/m2) women and their age- and BMI-matched controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 81 PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) (obese – 42; nonobese – 39) and 86 controls (obese – 42; nonobese –44) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. All women underwent a detailed assessment of clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters, insulin resistance indices, and body composition measurements with visceral adipose tissue assessment (VAT) (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan). Results: Of PCOS women, 27% (80% – obese PCOS; 20% – nonobese PCOS) were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria), 35% of PCOS women (46% – obese PCOS; 54% – nonobese PCOS) had impaired glucose tolerance, and 7% of PCOS women (2/3rd – obese PCOS; 1/3rd – nonobese PCOS) had diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance was seen in about 80% in obese PCOS women and 20% in nonobese PCOS women based on various insulin resistance indices such as fasting insulin (≥12.2 μU/ml), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (≥2.5), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (<0.33). Total body fat, estimated (Est.) VAT, and corrected Est. VAT (corrected for body weight) were significantly increased (P = 0.0001) in both obese and nonobese PCOS women when compared to those of their age- and BMI-matched controls. However, corrected Est. VAT (corrected for body weight) was not significantly different between obese and nonobese PCOS women. Conclusion: Both obese and nonobese PCOS women when compared with their age- and BMI-matched controls were metabolically worse and had more visceral adiposity. Nonobese PCOS poses similar risk as that of obese PCOS in having similar amount of VAT (corrected for body weight).

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  • PCOS women with insulin resistance have higher BMIs, higher visceral fat, surplus androgens, and more severe clinical symptoms including hirsutism, acne, and ovulatory disorder than PCOS women lacking insulin resistance.

    “Patients with insulin resistance (IR) exhibited higher body mass indexes (BMIs); PCOS women with insulin resistance have a higher accumulation of visceral fat, a surplus of androgens and experience more severe clinical symptoms, including hirsutism, acne, and ovulatory disorder, in contrast to PCOS women lacking insulin resistance [54].”

    From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [54]

    The Results and Table 3 (page unavailable) show that obese PCOS women had more insulin resistance and higher absolute visceral fat than nonobese PCOS women; the Results also report hyperandrogenism more often in the obese group. But the paper compares groups defined by BMI, not by insulin-resistance status. It finds no significant difference in weight-adjusted visceral fat between those groups and does not establish that insulin-resistant women had more severe hirsutism, acne, or ovulatory disorder. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • PCOS also occurs in women who are not obese and risk is related to visceral fat mass.

    “PCOS also occurs in women who are not obese and risk is related to visceral fat mass. 30 , 31”

    From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]

    The Results and Conclusion report PCOS in nonobese women and greater visceral adiposity than in matched controls. The Discussion relates visceral fat to the risk of metabolic complications in women with PCOS, but does not establish that visceral fat mass predicts the risk of developing PCOS itself. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Satyaraddi et al. in a case-control study with 81 patients with PCOS (42 obese and 39 non-obese) using DEXA concluded that both obese and non-obese women with PCOS, compared to age controls with the same BMI, were metabolically worse and had more visceral adiposity.

    “Satyaraddi et al. in a case-control study with 81 patients with PCOS (42 obese and 39 non-obese), evaluated the disposition of fat using DEXA and concluded that both obese and non-obese women”

    From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Non-obese PCOS presents a metabolic risk similar to that of obese PCOS because they have a similar amount of visceral adipose tissue.

    “concluding that non-obese PCOS presents a metabolic risk similar to that of obese patients because they present a similar amount of visceral adipose tissue [12].”

    From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Non-obese PCOS has a similar risk to obese PCOS by having a similar amount of visceral adipose tissue corrected for body weight.

    “Non-obese PCOS has a similar risk to obese PCOS by having a similar amount of visceral adipose tissue (corrected for body weight) [12].”

    From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Paul, T., Satyaraddi, A., Cherian, K., Kapoor, N., Kunjummen, A., Kamath, M., & Thomas, N.
Affiliations
Christian Medical College, Vellore (IN)
Corresponding author
Paul, ThomasV
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2019
Volume
12
Issue
2
Pages
78
ISSN
0974-1208 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_2_19
PMC
PMC6594114
OpenAlex
W2952208119
Cited by
57
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
FWCI
4.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
Keywords
polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, body composition, visceral adipose tissue, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus

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