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Cited by 16Reproductive Biology and FertilityReproductive Health and TechnologiesOvarian function and disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Three-Dimensional Automated Volume Calculation (Sonography-Based Automated Volume Count) versus Two-Dimensional Manual Ultrasonography for Follicular Tracking and Oocyte Retrieval in Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Malhotra, Neena, Noor, Nilofar, Vignarajan, ChithiraPulimoottil, Vanamail, Perumal·2020·Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences

Abstract

Aim: To compare the oocyte yield using three-dimensional (3D) automated and two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound-based follicle tracking in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Settings and Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of a teaching medical institute from January 2017 to December 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients undergoing IVF-ET were enrolled and randomized into two groups (65 patients in each group). In Group A, follicular tracking during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) was done using 3D Sonography- based Automated Volume Count (SonoAVC), whereas in Group B, follicular tracking was done by manual ultrasonography (2D USG). The primary outcome measures were the number of oocytes retrieved (the total number and the number of mature oocytes). Secondary outcomes were fertilization rate, cleavage rate, total number of embryos and time taken to perform scans. Other outcome measures were clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and live birth rate (LBR). Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test, Student's t-test, Z-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Bland–Altman's plot. Results: The two groups were comparable with regard to assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Group B required more time for performing the scan (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Automated SonoAVC ultrasound can be used interchangeably with manual 2D USG for follicle tracking during COS giving comparable ART outcomes with the added advantage of saving time. Our study implies the promising results of applying artificial intelligence in follicular tracking during COS.

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Crossref · 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_91_20

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Figures

Figure 1 (a) The image of an ovary in three orthogonal planes (x, y and z) and the three-dimensional rendered image (bottom right side) having follicles color coded based on size. (b) Worksheet depicting the size-based color coding as in the three-dimensional rendered image in Figure 1a. d(V) is the volume-based diameter of follicle in millimeters (mm). dx is the maximal diameter of the follicle in x axis in millimeters (mm). dy is the maximal diameter of follicle in y axis in millimeters (mm). dz is the maximal diameter of follicle in z axis in millimeters (mm). mn.d is the mean follicular diameter in millimeters (mm) calculated by SonoAVC software, it is the average of maximal diameters in x, y and z axes. V is volume of follicle in cm3
Figure 1 (a) The image of an ovary in three orthogonal planes (x, y and z) and the three-dimensional rendered image (bottom right side) having follicles color coded based on size. (b) Worksheet depicting the size-based color coding as in the three-dimensional rendered image in Figure 1a. d(V) is the volume-based diameter of follicle in millimeters (mm). dx is the maximal diameter of the follicle in x axis in millimeters (mm). dy is the maximal diameter of follicle in y axis in millimeters (mm). dz is the maximal diameter of follicle in z axis in millimeters (mm). mn.d is the mean follicular diameter in millimeters (mm) calculated by SonoAVC software, it is the average of maximal diameters in x, y and z axes. V is volume of follicle in cm3CC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central
Flow Chart 1 CONSORT flow diagram
Flow Chart 1 CONSORT flow diagramCC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Graph shows the agreement between the mean follicular diameter (mn.d) and the volume-based diameter (dV) of the leading follicle in SonoAVC Group. A mean difference of 1.5 mm was found between the two parameters which was statistically significant
Figure 2 Graph shows the agreement between the mean follicular diameter (mn.d) and the volume-based diameter (dV) of the leading follicle in SonoAVC Group. A mean difference of 1.5 mm was found between the two parameters which was statistically significantCC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Malhotra, N., Noor, N., Vignarajan, C., & Vanamail, P.
Affiliations
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
Corresponding author
Malhotra, Neena
Venue
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
Published
2020
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
296
ISSN
0974-1208 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3115070903
Cited by
16
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3
FWCI
1.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Keywords
3D ultrasound, oocyte retrieval, in vitro fertilization, controlled ovarian stimulation, oocyte yield, artificial intelligence in ultrasound, scan time, live birth rate, assisted reproduction outcomes

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