Cited by 2,259Critical Realism in SociologyPhilosophy of Biology and Scientific ExplanationLogic and Philosophy of Science

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Realism and Social Science

Sayer, Andrew·2000·SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks

DOI 10.4135/9781446218730

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Items 701–800 of 882

Equipping students to be resourceful practitioners in community settings: A realist analysis
McLeod, J., Lumsdaine, S., & Smith, K. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642537.2021.2000464 · Cited by 1
“Realist evaluation is part of a broad methodological tradition influenced by a philosophical stance of critical realism (Maxwell, 2012; Sayer, 2000) that assumes that there exists a reality ‘out there’ that is independent of our capacity to know it.”
Background
Using a situative perspective to gain a deeper understanding of how children’s strengths are related to social context
Bozic, N., Lawthom, R., Murray, J. E., & Oldfield, J. (2021) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12520 · Cited by 2
Can we make true statements about the world through videogames? An indirect realist account of Alexander Galloway’s notion of social realism in gaming
Fonseca, F. R. B., & Dourado, D. (2021) · doi:10.19132/1807-8583202152.99344 · Cited by 1
“A common feature found in some philosophies of perception, particularly realism, is “[...] the belief that there is a world existing independently of our knowledge of it [...]” (Sayer, 2000, p. 2).”
BackgroundInfluential
Young women’s recovery from problematic alcohol use: a critical realist reconceptualization
Edwards, R., & Burton, J. (2021) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2021.1917245 · Cited by 1
“Susan 18.12.17 From a critical realist perspective, Sayer (2000) argues that different outcomes can result from the same mechanism depending on the context, which may involve ‘relations with other objects’ (15) that have causal powers.”
BackgroundInfluential
Research Paradigm on Grounded Theory Method for Accounting Research: Filtering All Sensory Input
Maharani, S. N. (2021) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.210416.043 · Cited by 1
Is the social study of finance necessarily nominalist? Using realism to address shortcomings in actor‐network theory approaches to financialisation and everyday life
Mulcahy, N. (2021) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.12278 · Cited by 1
“The second ontological layer, the actual, ‘refers to what happens if and when those power are activated, to what they do and what eventuates when they do’ (Sayer, 2000, p. 12).”
Background
A framework for differentiation in composed digital-physical products
Baumers, M., Ashcroft, I., Benford, S., Flintham, M., Koleva, B., Tóth, Z., & Winklhofer, H. (2020) · International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1504/ijmms.2020.10034618 · Cited by 1
“Knowledge of such mechanisms yields insight into the causal structure inherent to designs (see, for example, Sayer, 2000).”
Background
A Socio-Emancipatory Perspective on the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language to the Deaf
de Moraes, A. H. C., & de Barros, S. M. (2020) · Research on humanities and social sciences · doi:10.7176/rhss/10-17-01 · Cited by 1
A Causal Mechanism Approach to Explain Business Process Adoption and Rejection Phenomena
Brönnimann, A. (2020) · International Conference on Business Process Management · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58638-6_18 · Cited by 1
Social process tracing - bringing back the social into the processPreprint
Beach, D., Cecchini, M., & Kaas, J. G. (2020) · doi:10.33774/apsa-2020-q0gm5 · Cited by 1
“…revisit the realist philosophical foundations of process tracing methods by drawing on the work of scholars such as Abbott (1995), Archer (1995) and Sayer (2000), but also more interpretivist scholars like Emirbayer (1997) and Sewell (1992) to develop a language for how the ability of actors to…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Book Review: Review of Risk, Power and Inequality in the 21st Century
Haugaard, M. (2020) · Journal of Classical Sociology · doi:10.1177/1468795x19851321 · Cited by 1
Researching professional recognition in a pre-school setting: a critical realist approach
Molla, T., & Nolan, A. (2020) · International Journal of Research & Method in Education · doi:10.1080/1743727x.2019.1680620 · Cited by 1
“As an overarching methodological and theoretical perspective (Bhaskar 2008a; Sayer 2000), a critical realist perspective has enabled us to capture the misalignment between policy expectations and institutional practices in respect to the professional recognition of educators.”
BackgroundInfluential
Caringly subjective agency of Volunteer Fire Brigade members expressing the benefits of gifts and sacrifice for local communities
Stochmal, M. (2020) · doi:10.19195/2083-7763.10.14 · Cited by 1
Contemporary Social Theory
Stepnisky, J. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119429333.ch2 · Cited by 17
How has Australia significantly been affected by globalization? A critical realist explanatory analysis
Livock, C. A., & Richmond, Y. (2019) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2019.1618632 · Cited by 1
Masculine identity, street capital and sexual practices of a Chinese young man in Canada
Wong, J., & Poon, M. (2019) · China Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/17525098.2019.1685115 · Cited by 1
“This study draws on critical realist philosophy, which proposes that the reality of the world is shaped by social, cultural and political values that crystallise over time (Sayer 2000).”
Background
Capabilities, networks, and directionality: innovation policy for sustainable development goals
Larsen, H. (2019) · Spiral (Imperial College London) · doi:10.25560/79875 · Cited by 4
Knowledges
Derickson, K. (2019) · Keywords in Radical Geography: Antipode at 50 · doi:10.1002/9781119558071.ch29 · Cited by 1
The process of climate change in mass media discourse using the example of Polish and international editions of “Newsweek” magazine
Cynk, K. (2018) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3138-0 · Cited by 1
“It has a causative force, which is actualised depending on the prevailing societal conditions (Sayer 2000).”
Background
The role of emotional abilities in elite sports coaching
Hodgson, L. (2018) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00149 · Cited by 2
“Qualitative methods (e.g., interviews, case studies, ethnography) are more profound within critical realism as they are viewed as more capable of describing phenomena and constructing propositions (Sayer, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Are neighbourhoods real?
Weston, W. (2018) · doi:10.1080/14767430.2018.1438022 · Cited by 1
Dynamics of Fresh Produce Marketing in Small-Scale Irrigation Schemes: Challenges and Opportunities for Smallholder Farmers in South Africa
Ncube, B. (2017) · doi:10.1353/eas.2017.0005 · Cited by 1
“This process employed a combination of extensive and intensive research approaches (Swanborn 2010: 1–2; Sayer 2000: 21).”
Method
Exploring the COMFORT model for complex communication for physiotherapists in neurorehabilitation: a critical review
Pelaez, S., & Hall, M. (2017) · doi:10.33140/mcr.02.03.10 · Cited by 1
Cross-Cultural Adjustment Experience in High Technology Management : Case of Władysław Turowicz in Pakistan Air Force
Kamran, M. (2017) · Problemy Zarządzania - Management Issues · doi:10.7172/1644-9584.68.6 · Cited by 1
The isolated mass and contemporary social theory
Edwards, P. (2017) · doi:10.1080/23269995.2017.1332472 · Cited by 1
The Individual's Influence on Low-Technology Innovation: A Critical Realism Based Case Study on North-West Pakistan's Marble Sector
Nouman, M., Taj, A., & Gul, S. (2017) · doi:10.22547/ber/9.1.8 · Cited by 1
“The perspectives of Sayer (2004; 2000; 1992) have been used for methodological application of critical realism to this research.”
BackgroundMethod
MacIntyre, Managerialism, and Metatheory: Organizational Theory as an Ideology of Control
Lynn, A. (2017) · doi:10.1080/14767430.2017.1282299 · Cited by 1
“Such attention to inescapable contingencies and complexity within social reality mirrors the insistence of critical realists that the social world be studied as an ‘open system’ rather than the closed system presumed by positivism (Bhaskar 1978; Sayer 2000; Steinmetz 2005b).”
Background
Just Say No to the TPP: A Democratic Setback for American and Asian Public Health Comment on "The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?"
Muntaner, C., & Mahabir, D. F. (2016) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.145 · Cited by 1
Emergentne poziomy i przestrzenie w badaniach aktywnego obywatelstwa. Analiza morfogenetyczna
Weryński, P. (2016) · doi:10.15678/zp.2016.37.3.06 · Cited by 1
Framing moving and handling as a complex healthcare intervention within the acute care of older people with osteoporosis: a qualitative study.
Smith, M., O'May, F., Tropea, S., & Berg, J. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13344 · Cited by 1
“The researchers adopt a critical realist perspective in this analysis of M&H as a complex intervention and view causation through the constructs of structure, mechanism (conditions or other mechanisms that act on the main mechanism) and the effect or event (Sayer 2000).”
BackgroundMethod
The Discursive Construction of Global Economic Strategies in Turbulent Times
Ar, M. (2016) · doi:10.11114/ijsss.v4i10.1701 · Cited by 1
“The explanatory critique belongs to part of critical inquiry that can be in the form of critical realism (Fairclough, 2006; Sayer, 2000).”
Background
Socio-spatial entanglement theory, the I2S2A method, and civil legal service realized accessibility
Schultheis, E. (2016) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2832234 · Cited by 1
Différentes traditions philosophiques pour le développement des connaissances en sciences infirmières
Ballard, A., Khadra, C., May, S. L., & Gendron, S. (2016) · doi:10.3917/rsi.124.0008 · Cited by 1
“Le second niveau, le domaine de l’actuel, réfère donc à ce qui peut produire lorsque ces mécanismes générateurs sont activés (13).”
BackgroundInfluential
An Exploration of Clinical Psychologist and Educational Psychologist Constructs of Mental Health in the Context of Secondary School Aged Children
Miller, R. A. (2016) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · doi:10.15123/pub.5213
A realistic approach to strategic thinking and acting
Quaresma, E. (2016) · doi:10.1590/1679-395131549 · Cited by 1
“For Sayer (2000), the view presents a challenge to common conceptions of natural and social science simultaneously: “(…) particularly as regards causation, critical realism proposes a way of combining a modified naturalism with a recognition of the necessity of interpretive understanding of meaning…”
BackgroundInfluential
Anonymously productive and socially engaged while learning at work
Magni, L. (2016) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2013.817439 · Cited by 1
“This research departs from Critical Realism (Sayer, 2000) – which epistemologically permeates the enquiry – and represents an example of Insider Management Action Science, a methodology that the author has recently applied and commented on in another study he conducted within the same organization (Magni, 2010).”
Method
The black box of regional growth
Grillitsch, M., Martynovich, M., Fitjar, R. D., & Haus-Reve, S. (2021) · Journal of Geographical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10109-020-00341-3 · Cited by 45
“Yet, it may also be the case that the unique combination of conditions in specific regions at specific times enables growth trajectories that systematically deviate from the average (Sayer 2000; Storper 2011).”
Background
False Starts, Wrong Turns and Dead Ends: Reflections on Recent Developments in Criminology
Matthews, R. (2017) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-017-9372-9 · Cited by 23
“As Sayer (2000) has argued from a critical realist perspective, what causes something to happen has nothing to do with a number of times we have observed it happening.”
Background
Explaining mental health recovery in the context of structural disadvantage: the unrealised potential of critical realism
Karadzhov, D. (2019) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/s41285-019-00122-z · Cited by 21
“A distinctive feature of critical realism is that it re-centres ontology in the scientific pursuit of explaining complex social phenomena (Bhaskar 1989; Sayer 2000).”
BackgroundInfluential
Ontogenesis Versus Morphogenesis Towards an Anti-realist Model of the Constitution of Society
Bouzanis, C. (2016) · Human Studies · doi:10.1007/s10746-015-9376-y · Cited by 9
“…elements we encounter in our creative agential conduct constrains ideational and cultural production by limiting the practical possibilities of demiurgic poiesis; having material causes (Lewis,2000:258; Sayer,2000), social structures constrain and enable the possible actions of social agents.”
Background
Alternative typologies of case study theorizing: Causal explanation versus theory development as a classification dimension
Tsang, E. W. (2022) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-021-00477-4
Holistic Mapping: Towards an Epistemological Foundation for Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology
Garofoli, D. (2016) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-016-9308-9 · Cited by 10
Paradigmen sozial- und erziehungswissenschaftlicher Wirkungsforschung: Eine Analyse kausaltheoretischer Annahmen und ihrer Folgen für die Soziale Arbeit
Dollinger, B. (2018) · Soziale Passagen · doi:10.1007/s12592-018-0297-2
Crime prevention and coping mechanisms in neighbourhoods: insights from Kibera, Nairobi
Skilling, L., & Rogers, C. (2017) · Crime Prevention & Community Safety · doi:10.1057/s41300-017-0017-4
The Social Construction of Official Statistics: The Case of the UK ‘Measuring National Well-being’ Programme
Jenkins, M. (2018) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-018-1989-x · Cited by 7
The higher education impact agenda, scientific realism and policy change: the case of electoral integrity in Britain
James, T. S. (2018) · British Politics · doi:10.1057/s41293-018-0085-9 · Cited by 2
“The world exists independent of our knowledge of it but that world is ‘differentiated and stratified, consisting not only of events, but objects, including structures, which have powers and liabilities capable of generating events’ (Sayer 2000, 5-6).”
Influential
Avoiding philosophy as a trump-card in sociological writing. A study from the discourse of evidence-based healthcare
Reid, B. (2017) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/s41285-017-0033-6
Extractive conservation and green transitions in Southern Africa: a dialectical critical realist analysis of human-nature relations
Kamuti, T. (2026) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2026.2751817
Learning from degrowth: strengthening circular economy approaches through case studies of plastic packaging and textiles
Rubik, F., Deutz, P., Petschow, U., Kildunne, A., & Hofmann, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2026.1767324
The Global Forestation Network: Orchestrating the Financing and Development of Tree Planting Programs
Thompson, B. S. (2026) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.71751
General practitioners’ views and experiences of providing services in Adelaide residential aged care homes
Johal, J., Block, H., Dymmott, A., Exley, H., & George, S. (2026) · Primary Health Care Research and Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423626101844
“…was analysed via the reflexive thematic analysis approach outlined by Braun and Clarke (Braun and Clarke, 2022), informed by a critical realist perspective which posits that participants ’ accounts are shaped by contextual factors and underlying mechanisms that may not be observable (Sayer, 2000).”
Platform ecology and the environmental repercussions of instant delivery economies
Balabantaray, S. R. (2026) · Discover Environment · doi:10.1007/s44274-026-01096-2
Remaking place relations for social‐ecological restoration: Reflections on placemaking in South Africa
de Villiers, A., Esler, K., Cockburn, J., & Spierenburg, M. (2026) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.70439
Explaining governance with depth: Critical realism and the morphogenetic turn in public administration research
Buanaputra, V. G. (2026) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/00208523261487548
Learning critical realism in higher education: metaphor-work as collective pedagogical practice
Rao, S., Ahluwalia-Cameron, A., Hodgson, N., Vavvos, A., & McGuire, S. (2026) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-026-01777-0
Children’s participation in assent to paediatric oncology research: experiences of children, siblings and parents
Wieslander, K. N., Frygner-Holm, S., Nilsson, S., Lövgren, M., Höglund, A., & Godskesen, T. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-10011-2
“The analysis was grounded in critical realism , a philosophical framework developed by Roy Bhaskar [36, 37], resting on the assumption that reality objectively exists, but regarding knowledge as interpreted, subjective and context-bound.”
Caste and poverty in Bangladesh: a mixed-methods analysis of dalit marginalisation through structural inequality and capability deprivation lenses
Husain, T., Hossain, D., & Kabir, H. (2026) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-026-01747-4
“The study was guided by a critical realist epistemology (Shaikh et al. 2023; Sayer 2000).”
Citizenship Testing as Symbolic Categorisation: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Civic Integration and the Life in the UK Test
Mazandarani, F. (2026) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci15090635
Is Posthumanist International Relations a New Hope for Global Ecological Politics? A Critical Realist Response
Erçandırlı, Y. (2026) · Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi · doi:10.33458/uidergisi.2036890
(Not) Seen and Not Heard: Naming Epistemic Injustices in LGBTQIA+ Students’ Experiences of Cis-Heteronormative Midwifery Education
Parker, G., Parton, C., Kelsey, F., Aspin, C., Paton, N., Bravestone, L., & Meates, M. (2026) · Women's Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2026.2729011
Themes as mechanisms? A critical realist analysis of Fryer’s approach to thematic analysis
Hadziagovic, A. (2026) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2026.2730786
Para onde vai a democracia?
Bedirhanoğlu, P., & Saraçoğlu, C. (2026) · Crítica Revolucionária · doi:10.14295/2764-4979-rc_cr.2026.v6.188
Addictive and habitual cycles of social media use
Steckles-Young, L. (2026) · Journal of Digital Social Research · doi:10.33621/jdsr.v8i161227
Researching Social Science: Methodological Insights and Possibilities from Basic Critical Realism
Luckett, K. (2026) · Methodology Insight · doi:10.71290/mi02010001
“[6] This is why ‘the sum’ is always more than ‘the parts’.”
Behaviour management in English secondary schools: a qualitative study exploring perspectives of school staff and behaviour experts
Bell, S. L., Condon, L., Elizabeth Sheldrick) Bristol’s Generation-R Young People’s Advisory Group (YPAG) (Alex James, & Redwood, S. (2026) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2026.2710560
The politics of carceral visibility in Ecuador: human dignity, state power and the public performance of security
Tusa, F., Aguaded, I., & Tejedor, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2026.1922238
Exploring self-regulatory processes in League of Legends using think-aloud
Swettenham, L., Leis, O., Williams, J., Henriks, O., Hansen, H. H., Watson, M., & Whitehead, A. (2026) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2026.2715996
From waterlogging to land grabbing: the logic of dispossession under neoliberal water management in south-western coastal Bangladesh
Islam, M., Hossen, M. A., Khatun, K., Khan, M., & Akter, S. (2026) · Environmental Sociology · doi:10.1080/23251042.2026.2721674
How shared-site intergenerational programs support psychosocial well-being in residential aged care: a realist evaluation
Lee, L. Z. Y., Nicholson, P., Gerber, K., & Hutchinson, A. M. (2026) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnag203
“Realist evaluation is grounded in critical realist philosophy, which assumes that outcomes arise from interactions between program resources and the social, organizational, and institutional contexts in which they are embedded (Pawson & Tilley, 1997; Sayer, 1999).”
Ontological Transformation in International Relations: The Rise of Critical Realism Towards the Fifth' Debate
Kurnaz, İ. (2026) · Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.1762441
Global City as an Emergent Category of Practice in Jakarta: Conjuncture, Capaciousness and Contentions
Anshary, F. (2026) · Area · doi:10.1111/area.70146
The unheard voices: Students’ perspectives on positive behaviour support in Swedish compulsory schools
Zaid, F. A., & Boström, L. (2026) · Pastoral Care in Education: An International Journal of Personal, Social and Emotional Development · doi:10.1080/02643944.2026.2710984
A Constructivist Approach to Continuous Variables in Macroscopic Social Research
Mahoney, J. (2026) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.70056
Between Autonomy and Relational Autonomy: Reproductive Decision‐Making in China
Huang, D., Blair, E., & Miles, S. (2026) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70323
Revisiting the “Articulation” of Capital and Difference: Louis Althusser, Stuart Hall, and the Built Environment
Conroy, W. (2026) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1177/07352751261462130
Farmer organizations as sites of political mobilization: structure, resources, and collective identity in Ghana
Ekumah, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2026.1748902
Actionable knowledge for agroecological transformation: a critical realist analysis of co-innovation in a transdisciplinary project
Leitheiser, S., van Dam, D., Egmose, J., Zagaria, C., Hauggaard‐Nielsen, H., Kazakova-Mateva, Y., Soto, R. L., Dumont, B., Barlagne, C., Schaan, L. N., et al. (2026) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-026-01867-z
Climate Information Needs, Preferred Delivery Channels, and Digital Readiness among Women- and Youth-Run Rice MSMEs in Kenya and Nigeria
Mojisola, O., Ume, C. O., Anugwa, I., Gabriel, M., Cecilia, L., Naomi, G., Uyeh, D., Mba, P., Sanni, K., Opata, P., et al. (2026) · Environmental and Sustainability Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.indic.2026.101433
Philosophical pluralism in qualitative research: Integrating critical realism and social constructionism through Foucault
Skilbeck, L. (2026) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/14687941261458705
From supplementary to substitutional: metaverse tourism futures in 2035
McKie, A. L. (2026) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-05-2025-0118
Influencia del liderazgo emprendedor en el éxito de los proyectos: análisis de factores mediadores
Morey-Altuna, J. L., & Norena-Chavez, D. (2026) · Revista Científica General José María Córdova · doi:10.21830/19006586.1570
From Personal to Collective Powers: Towards Gender Inclusivity in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Stroila, I., Isakova, E., & Neergaard, H. (2026) · Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587261450569
“Fourthly, critical realism offers a stratified ontology that distinguishes between the empirical (what is experienced), the actual (what occurs), and the real (the causal powers and liabilities that generate change) (Sayer, 2000).”
Análisis de condiciones necesarias (NCA) para la creatividad radical de los seguidores: liderazgo transformacional y compromiso
Bianchi-Calderon, L., & Norena-Chávez, D. (2026) · Revista Científica General José María Córdova · doi:10.21830/19006586.1566 · Cited by 1
Grow fast, fail slowly: Un trepreneurial ecosystems and the fast failure paradox
Herzog, S., van Merriënboer, M., Mason, C., & Chalmers, D. (2026) · International Small Business Journal · doi:10.1177/02662426261449741
“A critical realist lens further enables us to move beyond observable elements to examine the underlying social, economic, and cultural factors, as well as the causal mechanisms shaping these phenomena (Sayer, 2000; Wynn Jr and Williams, 2012).”
Indonesian Economic Sovereignty: Soemitronomics and the Axiology of Pancasila as Strategies to Face Global Hegemony
Riyandi, A., Alkatiri, A., & Putra, A. F. L. (2026) · International Journal of Integrative Sciences · doi:10.55927/ijis.v5i5.29
Making space for critical realism in greening IR theory: the international, emergence and historicized-materialized nature
Erçandırlı, Y. (2026) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2026.2676373
Glocalising circular waste governance in tourism: legitimacy pathways from coastal destinations
Le, N., & Duong, H. (2026) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2026.2675361
Exploring underlying dynamics of teachers’ perspectives on character education for gifted students: a critical realist approach
Demirbaga, K. K., & Mazzoli-Smith, L. (2026) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2026.2700696
“This, in turn, fosters an understanding of teachers’ perspectives as shaped by interlinked structural, social, cultural, institutional, and personal factors (Sayer 2000).”
Co-Evolution Between Technology and User Engagement in the Niche of Energy Communities in Portugal
Curado, A., & de Almeida, P. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16115286
Stroke survivors' and carers' experiences of nutritional care after stroke: a qualitative study
Lang, A. H., Geva, S., Evans, N. R., Cavallerio, F., Sá, D., Ali, A. N., Nichols, S., & Deb, S. K. (2026) · Frontiers in stroke · doi:10.3389/fstro.2026.1733430
“…2013), underpinned by realist ontology—we experience sensations of images and things going on in the real world and not the things directly (Scott, 2005), and relativist epistemology—the diversity of beliefs, perspectives, and interpretations held by individuals or communities (Sayer, 2000).”
Epistemology and Ontology in Family Therapy: A ‘Holding’ of Both
Travasaros, T. (2026) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/1467-6427.70029
Integration of Indonesian Research and Development Institutions: Politico-Administrative Coalitional Work in Historical Institutionalism
Kardoyo, H., Salomo, R., Atmoko, A. W., & Hidayat, D. (2026) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-026-01000-9
Investigating the Influence of Queuing Theory Parameters on Customer Satisfaction at ZANACO: The Mediating Role of Customer Waiting Time
Makungu, R., & Sikombe, S. (2026) · African Journal of Commercial Studies · doi:10.59413/ajocs/v7.i2.20
THE ROLE OF MARKETING LABOUR IN VALUE CREATION: LEVERAGING CUSTOMER DATABASES AND CO-CREATIVE DIGITAL INTERACTIONS
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“This approach aligns with the realist concept of causation (Sayer 2000).”

Authors: Sayer, A.
Corresponding author: Sayer, Andrew
ORCID: Sayer, Andrew
Venue: SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Published: 2000
DOI: 10.4135/9781446218730
OpenAlex: W4243252020
Cited by: 2,259
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 92 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 133 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 80
FWCI: 42.93
Type: book
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Realism in Sociology
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Logic and Philosophy of Science
Keywords: realism, social sciences, epistemology of social science, philosophy of social science

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