Cited by 538LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyHIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk

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Internalized Homophobia, Intimacy, and Sexual Behavior among Gay and Bisexual Men

Meyer, Ilan H., Dean, Laura·1998·Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals

DOI 10.4135/9781452243818.n8

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Items 101–200 of 536

Similarities and Differences in the Pursuit of Intimacy among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Individuals: A Personal Projects Analysis
Frost, D. M. (2011) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01698.x · Cited by 68
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Sexism and Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Parenting in a Sample of Heterosexuals and Sexual Minorities: the Mediation Effect of Sexual Stigma
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Mothers in Two Types of Lesbian Families: Stigma Experiences, Supports, and Burdens
van Dam, M. A. A. (2004) · Journal of Family Nursing · doi:10.1177/1074840704270120 · Cited by 59
“…is meant to create a community of support for those with a particular expression of faith, many religions have been a source of stigma of people who identify as gay or lesbian (Gillis, 1998; van Dam / Lesbian Families 475 Herek, Cogan, Gillis, & Glunt, 1997; Herek, 1995; Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Dating and Sexual Violence Victimization among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning Youth: Considering the Importance of Gender and Sexual Orientation
Semprevivo, L. K. (2020) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2020.1832175 · Cited by 57
Effects of disengagement coping with HIV risk on unprotected sex among HIV-negative gay men in New York City.
Yi, H., Sandfort, T. G. M., & Shidlo, A. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017786 · Cited by 57
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Development and initial validation of the Sexual Orientation Beliefs Scale (SOBS).
Arseneau, J. R., Grzanka, P. R., Miles, J. R., & Fassinger, R. E. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032799 · Cited by 56
Identifying and Correctly Labeling Sexual Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression
Dermer, S. B., Smith, S. D., & Barto, K. (2010) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00029.x · Cited by 56
Gender Expression and Risk of HIV Infection Among Black South African Men Who Have Sex with Men
Sandfort, T. G. M., Lane, T., Dolezal, C. L., & Reddy, V. (2015) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1067-1 · Cited by 56
A systematic review of the efficacy, harmful effects, and ethical issues related to sexual orientation change efforts.
Przeworski, A., Peterson, E. K., & Piedra, A. N. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12377 · Cited by 66
“The minority stress model (Meyer, 1995, 2007; Meyer & Dean, 1998) suggests that individuals who are minorities experience discrimination, vic-timization, and micro-aggressions.”
Relationship Status and Marital Intention Among Chinese Gay Men and Lesbians: The Influences of Minority Stress and Culture-Specific Stress
Wen, G., & Zheng, L. (2019) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01528-6 · Cited by 54
A National Survey on Depression, Internalized Homophobia, College Religiosity, and Climate of Acceptance on College Campuses for Sexual Minority Adults
Heiden‐Rootes, K. M., Wiegand, A., Thomas, D., Moore, R. M., & Ross, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2018.1550329 · Cited by 61
Minority Stress in Same-Sex Male Relationships: When Does It Impact Relationship Satisfaction?
Kamen, C. S., Burns, M. N., & Beach, S. R. H. (2011) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.614904 · Cited by 53
Sexual Minority Stressors and Psychological Aggression in Lesbian Women’s Intimate Relationships: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Relationship Satisfaction
Lewis, R. J., Milletich, R. J., Derlega, V. J., & Padilla, M. A. (2014) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684313517866 · Cited by 61
“Internalized homophobia refers to individual differences in how much someone with an LGB identity incorporates ‘‘negative social attitudes [about sexual minority individuals] toward the self ’’ (Meyer & Dean, 1998, p. 161).”
Background
Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion in Gay and Heterosexual Men: How They Relate to Childhood Memories, Shame, and Depressive Symptoms
Matos, M., Carvalho, S. A., Cunha, M., Galhardo, A., & Sepodes, C. (2017) · Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/15538605.2017.1310007 · Cited by 55
Adult Attachment Among Partnered Gay Men: Patterns and Associations with Sexual Relationship Quality
Starks, T. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2013) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0224-8 · Cited by 52
“Formulations of internalized homophobia (Meyer & Dean, 1998; Shidlo, 1994), minority stress (Meyer, 1995), and rejection sensitivity (Pachankis, Goldfried, & Ramrattan, 2008) commonly applied in studies of the mental health of gay and bisexual men, all bear some resemblance to…”
Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Bruce, D., Stall, R. D., Fata, A., & Campbell, R. T. (2014) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-014-9876-5 · Cited by 53
Results of a pilot study to ameliorate psychological and behavioral outcomes of minority stress among young gay and bisexual men
Smith, N. G., Hart, T. A., Kidwai, A., Vernon, J. R. G., Blais, M., & Adam, B. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.03.005 · Cited by 44
“For example, young GBM with high levels of internalized homonegativity were 8.7 times more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors (e.g., condomless receptive anal sex with multiple partners) compared to participants low in internalized homonegativity (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Influential
Internalized Homonegativity, Confucianism, and Self-Esteem at the Emergence of an LGBTQ Identity in Modern Vietnam
Nguyen, T., & Angelique, H. (2017) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1345231 · Cited by 52
“In particular, research on gay men has shown that shame and self-esteem are significantly different between low and high internalized homonegativity groups (Allen & Oleson, 1999; Greene & Britton, 2012; Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Minority stressors, protective factors and mental health outcomes in lesbian, gay and bisexual people in the UK
Jaspal, R., Lopes, B., & Breakwell, G. M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03631-9 · Cited by 58
“Internalized homonegativity refers to “the individual’s direction of negative social attitudes [about their sexual orientation] toward the self” and reflects negative evaluation of one’s sexuality and consequential internal identity conflict (Meyer & Dean, 1998, p. 161).”
A systematic review and research agenda of internalized sexual stigma in sexual minority individuals: Evidence from longitudinal and intervention studies
Nguyen, J., Anderson, J., & Pepping, C. A. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102376 · Cited by 51
Coming Out and the Potential for Growth in Sexual Minorities: The Role of Social Reactions and Internalized Homonegativity
Solomon, D. T., McAbee, J., Asberg, K. K., & McGee, A. (2015) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1073032 · Cited by 60
“It has been suggested that internalized homonegativity may be a more severe stressor than even oppression resulting from other homonegativity, because it can be experienced even without undergoing direct discrimination from others (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Religiosity, Internalized Homonegativity, and Outness in Christian Men Who Have Sex with Men
Wilkerson, J., Smolenski, D. J., Brady, S. S., & Rosser, B. R. S. (2012) · Sexual and Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2012.698259 · Cited by 49
“…Higgins, 2002; Ream & Savin-Williams, 2005; Roseborough, 2006; Ross, Rosser, & Neumaier, 2008; Rosser, 1992; Szymanski, Kashubeck-West, &Meyer, 2008), defined as the ‘‘internalization of societal antihomosexual attitudes’’ that are integrated into self-perceptions (Meyer & Dean, 1998, p. 163).”
Risk factors for high levels of prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use among substance-using young men who have sex with men (YMSM)
Kecojević, A., Wong, C. F., Corliss, H. L., & Lankenau, S. E. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.031 · Cited by 53
Internalized homophobia, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in South Korea: An age-stratified analysis
Lee, H., Operario, D., Yi, H., Choo, S., & Kim, S.-S. (2019) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2019.0108 · Cited by 49
“…in previous studies, this study aimed to investigate the association between IHP and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation using the IHP scale, which was developed for sexual minority individuals and has been used extensively in related literature, 3,7 with a large sample of Korean LGB adults.”
Purposeful Exclusion of Sexual Minority Youth in Christian Higher Education: The Implications of Discrimination
Wolff, J. R., & Himes, H. L. (2010) · Christian Higher Education · doi:10.1080/15363759.2010.513630 · Cited by 53
Structural equation modeling of the effects of racism, LGBTQ discrimination, and internalized oppression on illicit drug use in LGBTQ people of color
Drazdowski, T. K., Perrin, P. B., Trujillo, M. A., Sutter, M. E., Benotsch, E. G., & Snipes, D. J. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.029 · Cited by 61
The first-year university experience for sexual minority students: A grounded theory exploration
Alessi, E. J., Sapiro, B., Kahn, S., & Craig, S. L. (2017) · Journal of LGBT Youth · doi:10.1080/19361653.2016.1256013 · Cited by 61
“In addition to objective prejudice events and perceived stigma, LGB individuals deal with internalized homophobia, which is defined as the LGB person’s direction of negative societal attitudes toward the self (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Anti-bisexual discrimination as insidious trauma and impacts on mental and physical health.
Arnett, J. E., Frantell, K. A., Miles, J. R., & Fry, K. M. (2019) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000344 · Cited by 47
Being a gay man in Turkey: internalised sexual prejudice as a function of prevalent hegemonic masculinity perceptions
Eslen‐Ziya, H., & Koç, Y. (2016) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1133846 · Cited by 47
Development of the Gay and Lesbian Relationship Satisfaction Scale
Belous, C. K., & Wampler, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12158 · Cited by 47
“Never in Our Lifetime”: Legal Marriage for Same‐Sex Couples in Long‐Term Relationships*
Porche, M. V. M., & Purvin, D. M. (2008) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00490.x · Cited by 46
Nonevent stress contributes to mental health disparities based on sexual orientation: Evidence from a personal projects analysis.
Frost, D. M., & LeBlanc, A. J. (2014) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000024 · Cited by 54
“…social policies are likely to manifest in the form of barriers to core project pursuit creating “heterosexist opportunity structures” (Frost & Meyer, 2009; Meyer & Dean, 1998) that privilege heterosexuals’ pursuit of core projects, while limiting LGB individuals’ pursuits of core projects.”
Coming Out, Distress and Identity Threat in Gay Men in the UK
Breakwell, G. M., & Jaspal, R. (2021) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-021-00608-4 · Cited by 47
An Electronic Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Initiation and Maintenance Home Care System for Nonurban Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Siegler, A. J., Brock, J. B., Hurt, C. B., Ahlschlager, L., Dominguez, K. D., Kelley, C. F., Jenness, S. M., Wilde, G., Jameson, S. B., Herring, G. B., et al. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/13982 · Cited by 45
Factors Associated with Unprotected Sexual Intercourse with Steady Male, Casual Male, and Female Partners Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Barcelona, Spain
Folch, C., Marks, G. N., Esteve, A., Zaragoza, K., Muñoz, R., & Casabona, J. (2006) · AIDS Education and Prevention · doi:10.1521/aeap.2006.18.3.227 · Cited by 45
Thwarted belonging needs: A mechanism prospectively linking multiple levels of stigma and interpersonal outcomes among sexual minorities
Lattanner, M. R., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2022) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12564 · Cited by 50
HEALTH PROBLEMS OF GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
Ungvarski, P. J., & Grossman, A. H. (1999) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02384-2 · Cited by 44
Identity resilience, social support and internalised homonegativity in gay men
Jaspal, R., & Breakwell, G. M. (2021) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2021.2016916 · Cited by 57
“Internalised homonegativity is defined as ‘the individual’s direction of negative social attitudes [about their sexual orientation] towards the self’ and reflects a devaluation of the self and increased internal conflicts due to one’s sexual orientation (Meyer & Dean, 1998, p. 161).”
Background
‘At times, I feel like I'm sinning’: the paradoxical role of non-lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-affirming religion in the lives of behaviourally-bisexual Latino men
Severson, N., Muñoz‐Laboy, M., & Kaufman, R. (2013) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2013.843722 · Cited by 47
“Minority stress has been connected to low condom efficacy and HIV-risk behaviour (Rosario, RotheramBorus, and Reid 1996; Meyer and Dean 1998; Hatzenbuehler, Nolen-Hoeksema, and Erickson 2008), while loneliness itself has been linked to increased sexual-risk behaviour (Munoz-Laboy, Hirsch, and…”
Background
Minority Stress in Older Portuguese Gay and Bisexual Men and Its Impact on Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction
Ribeiro-Gonçalves, J. A., Costa, P. A., & Leal, I. M. P. (2019) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-019-00385-1 · Cited by 43
The Mediating Effects of Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Between Secure Attachment and Disclosure Outcomes Among Gay Men
Jellison, W. A., & McConnell, A. R. (2004) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1300/j082v46n01_05 · Cited by 42
“Men who have sex with men, but do not consider themselves “gay” or gay men who are newly “out” may hold greater negative attitudes toward their homosexuality, but may refrain from volunteering in psychology studies (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
Emotional Intimacy Among Coupled Heterosexual and Gay/Bisexual Croatian Men: Assessing the Role of Minority Stress
Šević, S., Ivanković, I., & Štulhofer, A. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0538-9 · Cited by 41
Internalized Consensual Non-Monogamy Negativity and Relationship Quality Among People Engaged in Polyamory, Swinging, and Open Relationships
Moors, A. C., Schechinger, H. A., Balzarini, R. N., & Flicker, S. M. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01885-7 · Cited by 42
“For some LGBQ people, they may avoid emotionally intimate or long-term relationships to alleviate feelings of internalized homonegativity (Meyer & Dean, 1998; Ross & Rosser, 1996).”
BackgroundInfluential
Cognitive processing therapy for acute stress disorder resulting from an anti-gay assault
Kaysen, D. L., Lostutter, T. W., & Goines, M. A. (2005) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(05)80050-1 · Cited by 41
“Higher levels of internalized homophobia have been associated with increased psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, and increased self-blame (D’Augelli et al., 2001; Herek et al., 1997, Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Suicidal Ideation among Italian and Spanish Young Adults: The Role of Sexual Orientation
Baiocco, R., Ioverno, S., Lonigro, A., Baumgartner, E., & Laghi, F. (2014) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.833150 · Cited by 42
“Meyer and Dean (1998) described minority stressors along a continuum from the objective (life events of social prejudice) to the subjective (internalization of sexual stigma).”
Background
The relationship between internalized homonegativity and body image concerns in sexual minority men: a meta-analysis
Badenes‐Ribera, L., Fabris, M. A., & Longobardi, C. (2018) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2018.1476905 · Cited by 40
Sexual Assault Risk and Prevention Among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
McCauley, H. L., Coulter, R. W. S., Bogen, K. W., & Rothman, E. F. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805389-8.00014-1 · Cited by 42
Exploring the effectiveness of mindfulness-based and third wave interventions in addressing self-stigma, shame and their impacts on psychosocial functioning: A systematic review
Stynes, G., Leão, C. S., & McHugh, L. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.01.006 · Cited by 39
Prevalence, severity and risk factors for mental disorders among sexual and gender minority young people: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
O’Shea, J., Jenkins, R., Nicholls, D., Downs, J. L., & Hudson, L. D. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02552-1 · Cited by 49
“Internalised homophobia can be defined as incorporating negative societal attitudes towards SM into one’s own belief system [89] and can involve a conflict between one’s sexual attractions and the need to fit into a heteronormative society [90 ].”
Relationship Education and Therapy for Same-Sex Couples
Pepping, C. A., & Halford, W. K. (2014) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/anzf.1075 · Cited by 39
Austrian medical students’ attitudes towards male and female homosexuality: A comparative survey
Arnold, O., Voracek, M., Musalek, M., & Springer-Kremser, M. (2004) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-004-0261-3 · Cited by 39
Chronic Physical Health Problems in Sexual Minority Women: Review of the Literature
Eliason, M. J. (2014) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2014.0026 · Cited by 42
Remaking the masculine self and coping in the liminal world of the gay ‘scene’
Ridge, D., Plummer, D., & Peasley, D. (2006) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691050600879524 · Cited by 38
“Research with large cohorts of gay and bisexual men in New York City have shown that two thirds report some level of internalized homophobia (Meyer and Dean 1998).”
Background
Sex and sexual orientation in relation to tobacco use among young adult college students in the US: a cross-sectional study
Li, J., Haardörfer, R., Vu, M., Windle, M. T., & Berg, C. J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6150-x · Cited by 37
Post-gay, Political, and Pieced Together: Queer Expectations of Straight Allies
Forbes, T. D., & Ueno, K. (2019) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1177/0731121419885353 · Cited by 44
Impact of Mental Health on Perceptions of Relationship Satisfaction and Quality Among Female Same-Sex Couples
Otis, M. D., Riggle, E. D. B., & Rostosky, S. S. (2006) · Journal of Lesbian Studies · doi:10.1300/j155v10n01_14 · Cited by 37
“Particularly relevant to the current study, high levels of internalized homophobia have been associated with individual’s reports of decreased relationship satisfaction and stability (Stein & Cabaj, 1996; Meyer & Dean, 1998; Ross & Rosser, 1996).”
Background
“Attempting to dull the dysphoria”: Nonsuicidal self-injury among transgender individuals.
Morris, E. R., & Galupo, M. P. (2019) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000327 · Cited by 26
Correlates and Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction for Older Adults in Same-Sex Relationships
Fleishman, J., Crane, B., & Koch, P. B. (2019) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2019.1618647 · Cited by 44
Barriers to and Facilitators of HIV–STD Behavior Change: Intrapersonal and Relationship-Based Factors
Canin, L., Dolcini, M. M., & Adler, N. E. (1999) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.3.4.338 · Cited by 36
Pathways Connecting Sexual Minority Stressors and Psychological Distress Among Lesbian Women
Lewis, R. J., Milletich, R. J., Mason, T. B., & Derlega, V. J. (2014) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/10538720.2014.891452 · Cited by 36
“IH involves internalizing negative societal views toward homosexuality, resulting in negative feelings about one’s sexual identity, sexual desires, and/or perhaps a desire to change one’s sexual identity (Herek, Gillis, & Cogan, 2009; Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Counseling Competencies for Sexual Minority Clients
Logan, C. R., & Barret, R. L. (2006) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1300/j462v01n01_02 · Cited by 36
“…as well as those of their LGBT clients (Bieschke & Matthews, 1996; Brown, 1986; De Crescenzo, 1983/1984; Dupras, 1994; Ficarrotto, 1990; Gelso, Fassinger, Gomez, & Latts, 1995; Herek, 1987; Loiacano, 1989; Malyon, 1982; Meyer & Dean, 1998; Price & Telljohann, 1991; Rudolph, 1988; Sophie, 1987).”
Monosexual and nonmonosexual women in same-sex couples’ relationship quality during the first five years of parenthood
Goldberg, A. E., Garcia, R., & Manley, M. H. (2017) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2017.1419561 · Cited by 35
“Predictors of relationship quality in same-sex couples Same-sex couples’ relationship quality may be affected by aspects of minority stress (Meyer, 1995; Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
SEXUAL SATISFACTION AS MORE THAN A GENDERED CONCEPT: THE ROLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Biss, W. J., & Horne, S. G. (2005) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720530590523044 · Cited by 35
Nonvolitional Sex and Sexual Health
Kalmuss, D. (2004) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:aseb.0000026620.99306.64 · Cited by 35
Development of stigma-related support for autistic adults: Insights from the autism community
Han, E. K. L., Scior, K., Heath, E., Umagami, K., & Crane, L. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221143590 · Cited by 44
“This process of internalisation is particularly insidious as, although it originates from social attitudes, it ‘can become self-generating and persist even when individuals are not experiencing direct external devaluation’ (Meyer & Dean, 1998, as described in Frost & Meyer, 2009, p. 2).”
Background
Problematic Social Media Use in Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Observational Study
Vogel, E. A., Ramo, D. E., Prochaska, J. J., Meacham, M. C., Layton, J. F., & Humfleet, G. L. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/23688 · Cited by 42
The Execution of Legal Documents by Sexual Minority Individuals.
Riggle, E. D. B., Rostosky, S. S., Prather, R. A., & Hamrin, R. (2005) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.1.138 · Cited by 34
Minority stress, protective factors, and sexual functioning of women in a same-sex relationship.
Cohen, J. N., & Byers, E. S. (2015) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000108 · Cited by 37
Minority Stress and Relationship Well-Being in Sexual Minorities: The Varying Role of Outness on Relationship and Sexual Satisfaction
Vale, M. T., & Bisconti, T. L. (2021) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2021.1909684 · Cited by 33
“…of IH predict higher sexual dysfunction, worse sexual health behaviors, and lower sexual satisfaction (Henderson et al., 2009; Kuyper & Vanwesenbeeck, 2011; Meyer & Dean, 1998), other findings suggest no relationship between IH and sexual well-being (Cohen & Byers, 2015; Sevi c et al., 2016).”
Background
Threat and guilt aspects of internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice: An application of personal construct theory.
Moradi, B., van den Berg, J. J., & Epting, F. R. (2009) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014571 · Cited by 33
Sexual Quality of Life in Homosexual and Bisexual Men: The Relative Role of Minority Stress
Grabski, B., Kasparek, K., Müldner-Nieckowski, Ł., & Iniewicz, G. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.274 · Cited by 32
Roman Catholic Gay Priests: Internalized Homophobia, Sexual Identity, and Psychological Well-Being
Kappler, S., Hancock, K. A., & Plante, T. G. (2012) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-012-0505-5 · Cited by 32
Sociopolitical and Cultural Correlates of Internalized Homonegativity in Gay and Bisexual Men: Findings from a Global Study
Berg, R. C., Lemke, R., & Ross, M. W. (2016) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2016.1247125 · Cited by 31
“Such internalized beliefs create a psychological dilemma between romantic interests and negative thoughts about the self, such as self-contempt and shame (Herek, 2007; Malyon, 1981; Meyer & Dean, 1998; Shidlo, 1994; Weinberg, 1973).”
Background
The impact of religiosity on the psychological well-being of LGBT Christians
Boppana, S., & Gross, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2019.1645072 · Cited by 31
“IH is defined as the LGBT individual’s direction of societal anti-homosexual attitudes toward themself (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
Fear of Intimacy as a Mediator of the Internalized Heterosexism-Relationship Quality Link Among Men in Same-Sex Relationships
Szymanski, D. M., & Hilton, A. N. (2013) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-013-9249-3 · Cited by 40
Who Cares If It Is a Hate Crime? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Hate Crimes-Mental Health Implications and Interventions
Hein, L. C., & Schärer, K. (2012) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2012.00354.x · Cited by 31
Mental Health and Life Satisfaction on Chilean Gay Men and Lesbian Women: The Role of Perceived Sexual Stigma, Internalized Homophobia, and Community Connectedness
Gómez, F., Cumsille, P. E., & Barrientos, J. (2021) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2021.1923278 · Cited by 30
“…Munthe-Kaas, & Ross, 2016; Szymanski, Kashubeck-West, & Meyer, 2008a, 2008b)—there is a consensus about defining it as a process of selfundervaluation stemming from the internalization of negative attitudes society shows toward homosexuality (Hatzenbuehler, 2009; Meyer, 2003; Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
A Computer-Mediated Escape from the Closet: Exploring Identity, Community, and Disinhibited Discussion on an Internet Coming Out Advice Forum
Miller, B. M. (2016) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-016-9343-4 · Cited by 30
“Research suggests that gay and lesbian men and women, as a product of being raised by heterosexuals in a heterosexist culture, are often shielded from information to help them cope with their stigmatized identity in their early years (Meyer and Dean 1998; Williamson 2000).”
Background
Association Between Using Smartphone Dating Applications and Alcohol and Recreational Drug Use in Conjunction With Sexual Activities in College Students
Choi, E. P. H., Wong, J. Y. H., Lo, H. H. M., Wong, W., Chio, J. H. M., & Fong, D. (2016) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1233566 · Cited by 30
Coming Out in Family and Sports-related Contexts among Young Italian Gay and Lesbian Athletes: The Mediation Effect of the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” Attitude
Pistella, J., Rosati, F., Ioverno, S., Girelli, L., Laghi, F., Lucidi, F., & Baiocco, R. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01551-0 · Cited by 30
Social Consequences of Grindr Use
Taylor, S. H., Hutson, J. A., & Alicea, T. R. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025775 · Cited by 35
“Multiple studies have demonstrated that internalized homophobia leads to loneliness and distrust [17,71]; difficulties in intimate relationships [52]; high-risk sexual behavior [56,64]; depression [57]; and suicide [50].”
Revisión sistemática sobre la satisfacción sexual en parejas del mismo sexo
Calvillo, C., Centro de Investigación Mente, C. Y. C. (., Sánchez-Fuentes, M. D. M., Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, U. D. L. C., Sierra, J. C., & Centro de Investigación Mente, C. Y. C. (. (2018) · Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud · doi:10.23923/j.rips.2018.02.018 · Cited by 30
Cognitive and Environmental Interventions for Gay Males: Addressing Stigma and Its Consequences
LaSala, M. C. (2006) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1606/1044-3894.3511 · Cited by 30
“…to reconcile his sexual orientation with his status as a stigmatized person, he could develop a devalued self image that bodes poorly for his mental health and ability to maintain long-term intimate relationships (Coffman & Green, 2000; Greenan & Tunnell, 2003; Meyer, 2003; Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
To Join or Not to Join: Gay-Straight Student Alliances and the High School Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youths
Heck, N. C., Lindquist, L. M., Stewart, B. T., Brennan, C., & Cochran, B. N. (2013) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/10538720.2012.751764 · Cited by 37
“In addition, overt manifestations of internalized homophobia were not evident in the data, which is not surprising given the insidious nature of this process (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”
Background
The Moderating Effect of Filial Piety on the Relationship Between Perceived Public Stigma and Internalized Homophobia: a National Survey of the Chinese LGB Population
Liu, F., Chui, H. T., & Chung, M. C. (2020) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-020-00446-w · Cited by 31
Exploring Weibo users’ attitudes toward lesbians and gays in Mainland China: A natural language processing and machine learning approach
Zheng, Q., Guo, Y., Wang, Z., Andrasik, F., Kuang, Z., Li, J., Xu, S. H., & Hu, X. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107021 · Cited by 31
Internalized homonegativity and relationship quality in same-sex romantic couples: A test of mental health mechanisms and gender as a moderator.
Thies, K., Starks, T. J., Denmark, F. L., & Rosenthal, L. (2016) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000183 · Cited by 29
Correlates of Same-Sex Attractions and Behaviors Among Self-Identified Heterosexual University Students
Knight, L. F. M., & Hope, D. A. (2012) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9927-5 · Cited by 29
Hirschfeld to Hooker to Herek to High Schools: A Study of the History and Development of GLBT Empirical Research, Institutional Policies, and the Relationship Between the Two
Maher, M. J., Landini, K., Emano, D. M., Knight, A. M., Lantz, G. D., Parrie, M., Pichler, S. M., & Sever, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918360903187861 · Cited by 29
“…and social developmental consequences, including influencing identity formation, self-esteem, depression, stress, relationship development, substance abuse, and suicide (Gonsiorek, 1995; Martin, 1982; Malyon, 1982; Mayfield, 2001; Meyer, 1995, 2003; Meyer & Dean, 1998; Rowen & Malcolm, 2002).”
Measures of Attitudes towards Sexual Orientation
Ryan, W. S., & Blascovich, J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00025-5 · Cited by 28
Association between sexual orientation acceptance and suicidal ideation, substance use, and internalised homophobia amongst the pink carpet Y cohort study of young gay, bisexual, and queer men in Singapore
Ong, C., Tan, R. K. J., Le, D. T., Tan, A., Tyler, A., Tan, C., Kwok, C., Banerjee, S., & Wong, M. L. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10992-6 · Cited by 28
Factores asociados con riesgo de suicidio de adolescentes y jóvenes autoidentificados como lesbianas, gays y bisexuales: estado actual de la literatura
Pineda-Roa, C. A. (2013) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/s0034-7450(13)70030-1 · Cited by 30
WHEN THERAPISTS DO NOT WANT THEIR CLIENTS TO BE HOMOSEXUAL: A RESPONSE TO ROSIK'S ARTICLE
Green, R. (2003) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb00380.x · Cited by 28
Structural Validation and Multiple Group Assessment of the Short Internalized Homonegativity Scale in Homosexual and Bisexual Men in 38 European Countries: Results From the European MSM Internet Survey
Tran, H., Ross, M. W., Diamond, P. M., Berg, R. C., Weatherburn, P., & Schmidt, A. J. (2017) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1380158 · Cited by 28
“…of IH with distrust and loneliness (Shidlo, 1994; Weber, 2005), the use of illegal substances and alcohol consumption (Finnegan & Cook, 1984; Meyer & Dean, 1998; O’Halleran Glaus, 1988), defense mechanisms such as rationalization, denial, and identification with the aggressor (Currie,…”
Background
Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Health Outcomes Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Internalized Heterosexism, Sexual Orientation Disclosure, and Religiosity
Watson, R. J., Allen, A. M., Pollitt, A. M., & Eaton, L. A. (2018) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1216-5 · Cited by 28
The impact of work stress on sexual minority employees: Could psychological flexibility be a helpful solution?
Singh, R. S., & O’Brien, W. H. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2913 · Cited by 36
A Search for Meaning: Recognizing the Potential of Narrative Research in Social Policy-Making Efforts
Frost, D. M., & Ouellette, S. C. (2011) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-011-0061-2 · Cited by 27
Peer Commentaries on Spitzer (2003)
(2003) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1025699511081 · Cited by 27
Internalized Heterosexism and Substance Use: A Meta-Analysis
Huynh, K. D., Murgo, M. A. J., & Lee, D. L. (2022) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/00110000221086910 · Cited by 34
“Symptoms of anxiety and depression have also been found to be significantly related to IH (Meyer & Dean, 1998).”

Authors: Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Meyer, Ilan H.
Dean, Laura
Venue: Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Published: 1998
Pages: 160-186
DOI: 10.4135/9781452243818.n8
OpenAlex: W2483143899
Cited by: 538
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 14.34
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Sage eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Keywords: internalized homophobia, intimacy, sexual behavior, gay men, bisexual men, sexual minority men

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