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Cited by 975Social Science and Policy ResearchQualitative Research Methods and ApplicationsDiverse Academic Research Areas

Key Concepts in Social Research

Open access
Payne, Geoff, Payne, Judy·2004·SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks
DOI 10.4135/9781849209397
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Abstract

Action Research Association and Causation Attitude Scales Auto/Biography and Life Histories Bias Case Study Coding Qualitative Data Community Profiles Community Studies Content Analysis Contingency Tables Documentary Methods Ethical Practice Ethnography Ethnomethodology and Conversational Analysis Evaluation Studies Experiments Feminist Research Fieldwork Grounded Theory Group Discussions/Focus Groups Hawthorne Effect Hypothesis Indicators and Operationalisations Internet and Other Searches Internet Polling Interviewing Key Informants Levels of Measurement Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Studies Methods and Methodologies Objectivity Observation Official Statistics Participant Observation Positivism and Realism Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods Questionnaires Reflexivity Reliability Sampling Estimates and Size Sampling Questions of Size Sampling Types Secondary Analysis Social Surveys Telephone and Computer-Assisted Polling Unobstrusive Methods and Triangulation Validity Visual Methods

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4135/9781849209397

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Employees at commercial organizations often hide their mistakes, leading to a difference between what a document contains and what happens at their organizations.

    “Since the employees at these organizations are typically interested in protecting themselves, they often hide their mistakes, leading to a difference in what a document contains and what happens at their organizations (Payne & Payne, 2004).”

    From Conducting a Qualitative Document Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Payne & Payne, 2004

  • Certain documents are more likely to be less credible than others.

    “Certain documents are more likely to be less credible than others.”

    From Conducting a Qualitative Document Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Payne & Payne, 2004

  • Formal documents that commercial organizations produce addressing the outside world are usually intended to create a positive impression.

    “For instance, the formal documents commercial organizations produce addressing the outside world are usually intended to create a positive impression.”

    From Conducting a Qualitative Document Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Payne & Payne, 2004

  • Employees at commercial organizations are typically interested in protecting themselves.

    “Since the employees at these organizations are typically interested in protecting themselves, they often hide their mistakes, leading to a difference in what a document contains and what happens at their organizations (Payne & Payne, 2004).”

    From Conducting a Qualitative Document Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Payne & Payne, 2004

  • Assessing the representativeness of an organization's internal documents is difficult for researchers from the outside because its executives can allow access only to those they want a researcher to investigate.

    “Assessing the representativeness of an organization's internal documents is difficult for researchers from the outside because its executives can allow access only to those they want a researcher to investigate (Payne & Payne, 2004).”

    From Conducting a Qualitative Document Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Payne & Payne, 2004

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Payne, G., & Payne, J.
Venue
SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks
Publisher
SAGE Publications, Ltd
Published
2004
DOI
10.4135/9781849209397
OpenAlex
W646256546
Cited by
975
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 35
FWCI
5.58
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › General Social Sciences › Social Science and Policy Research
  • Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Education › Diverse Academic Research Areas
Keywords
social science methodology, research design, sampling, qualitative research, quantitative methods, research ethics, triangulation, validity, reliability statistics, grounded theory, ethnography, experimental study, hypothesis testing, levels of measurement, reflexivity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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