The autophagy initiating kinase ULK1 is regulated via opposing phosphorylation by AMPK and mTOR

AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1

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Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Connects Energy Sensing to Mitophagy

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Autophagy: a promising process for the treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver injury

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Aster‐C coordinates with COP I vesicles to regulate lysosomal trafficking and activation of mTORC1

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Protective and deleterious effects of autophagy in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an overview

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DRAK2 suppresses autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 at Ser 56 to diminish pancreatic β cell function upon overnutrition

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Hypoxia impairs adaptation of skeletal muscle protein turnover- and AMPK signaling during fasting-induced muscle atrophy

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MAPK15-ULK1 signaling regulates mitophagy of airway epithelial cell in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Direct Binding of Arsenic Trioxide to AMPK and Generation of Inhibitory Effects on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Precursors

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Halofuginone dually regulates autophagic flux through nutrient-sensing pathways in colorectal cancer

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Stem cell rejuvenation and the role of autophagy in age retardation by caloric restriction: An update

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Activation of AMPKα2 Is Not Crucial for Mitochondrial Uncoupling-Induced Metabolic Effects but Required to Maintain Skeletal Muscle Integrity

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AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent autophagy mediated the protective effect of sonic hedgehog pathway on oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of cardiomyocytes

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SLC35D3 increases autophagic activity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons by enhancing BECN1-ATG14-PIK3C3 complex formation

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MicroRNA‐93 Regulates Hypoxia‐Induced Autophagy by Targeting ULK1

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Autophagy inhibits cell death induced by the anti-cancer drug morusin.

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A-kinase anchoring protein 8L interacts with mTORC1 and promotes cell growth

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Mucinous carcinoma with micropapillary features is morphologically, clinically and genetically distinct from pure mucinous carcinoma of breast

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AMPK regulates phagophore-to-autophagosome maturation

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Mediation of organismal aging and somatic proteostasis by the germline

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Loss of REDD1 augments the rate of the overload-induced increase in muscle mass

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Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

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Dysregulation of autophagy during photoaging reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused by UV

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Discovery of human autophagy initiation kinase ULK1 inhibitors by multi-directionalin silicoscreening strategies

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A time course for markers of protein synthesis and degradation with hindlimb unloading and the accompanying anabolic resistance to refeeding

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Effect of β-Hydroxybutyrate on Autophagy Dynamics During Severe Hypoglycemia and the Hypoglycemic Coma

Torres-Esquivel, C., Montiel, T., Flores‐Méndez, M., & Massieu, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.547215 · Cited by 26

Cinnamtannin D1 Protects Pancreatic β‑Cells from Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis by Enhancement of Autophagy In Vitro and In Vivo

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PRKAA/AMPKα phosphorylation switches the role of RASAL2 from a suppressor to an activator of autophagy

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Apigenin and Luteolin Regulate Autophagy by Targeting NRH-Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 in Liver Cells

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Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSC-EXO) regulate autophagy through AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway to ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy

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Hyperbaric oxygen protects against myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury through inhibiting mitochondria dysfunction and autophagy

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mTORC1 activity oscillates throughout the cell cycle, promoting mitotic entry and differentially influencing autophagy induction

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Disruption of REDD1 gene ameliorates sepsis-induced decrease in mTORC1 signaling but has divergent effects on proteolytic signaling in skeletal muscle

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Nitric oxide‐induced autophagy and the activation of activated protein kinase pathway protect against apoptosis in human dental pulp cells

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Alcohol consumption promotes colorectal carcinoma metastasis via a CCL5-induced and AMPK-pathway-mediated activation of autophagy

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Autophagy-associated signal pathways of functional foods for chronic diseases

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The mTOR pathway in Gliomas: From molecular insights to targeted therapies

Pournajaf, S., & Pourgholami, M. H. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118237 · Cited by 27

Chronic myeloid leukemia progenitor cells require autophagy when leaving hypoxia-induced quiescence

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Propofol-induced MiR-20b expression initiates endogenous cellular signal changes mitigating hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced endothelial autophagy in vitro

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Metformin promotes histone deacetylation of optineurin and suppresses tumour growth through autophagy inhibition in ocular melanoma

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Synergistic Effects between mTOR Complex 1/2 and Glycolysis Inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells

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Killing Two Angry Birds with One Stone: Autophagy Activation by Inhibiting Calpains in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Beyond

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Sestrin2 Phosphorylation by ULK1 Induces Autophagic Degradation of Mitochondria Damaged by Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress

Kim, H.-J., Jeon, B. T., Kim, I. M., Bennett, S. J., Lorch, C. M., Viana, M. P., Myers, J. F., Trupp, C. J., Whipps, Z. T., Kundu, M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176130 · Cited by 24

The TOR Pathway at the Neuromuscular Junction: More Than a Metabolic Player?

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Roles of Autophagy in Ischemic Heart Diseases and the Modulatory Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine

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microRNA-based autophagy inhibition as targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer

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Docosahexaenoic acid promotes the formation of autophagosomes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 mediated activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway

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Protein Kinases in Obesity, and the Kinase-Targeted Therapy

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20 S -Protopanaxadiol, an aglycosylated ginsenoside metabolite, induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through liver kinase B1–AMP-activated protein kinase activation

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The glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide promotes autophagy through the modulation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase in INS-1 β-cells under high glucose conditions

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Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Toona sinensis Bark and Fruit Ameliorate Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipogenesis through AMPK and LC3 Pathways

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Temporal partitioning of adaptive responses of the murine heart to fasting

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p53: from understanding its structure to advances in therapeutic targeting

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Autophagy compensates for Lkb1 loss to maintain adult mice homeostasis and survival

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Electroconvulsive seizure inhibits the mTOR signaling pathway via AMPK in the rat frontal cortex

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S-Nitrosylation at the intersection of metabolism and autophagy: Implications for cancer

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IFRD1 promotes tumor cells “low-cost” survival under glutamine starvation via inhibiting histone H1.0 nucleophagy

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The bifunctional autophagic flux by 2-deoxyglucose to control survival or growth of prostate cancer cells

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P38α MAPK coordinates the activities of several metabolic pathways that together induce atrophy of denervated muscles

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Modulation of Autophagy: A Novel “Rejuvenation” Strategy for the Aging Liver

Xu, F., Tautenhahn, H., Dirsch, O., & Dahmen, U. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/6611126 · Cited by 21

Nutraceutical and Dietary Strategies for Up-Regulating Macroautophagy

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Sirtuin-dependent metabolic and epigenetic regulation of macrophages during tuberculosis

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The interplay between autophagy and ferroptosis presents a novel conceptual therapeutic framework for neuroendocrine prostate cancer

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Protein restriction slows the development and progression of pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Modulation of Cell Death in Age-Related Diseases

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Human Papillomavirus 11 Early Protein E6 Activates Autophagy by Repressing AKT/mTOR and Erk/mTOR

Zhang, B., Song, Y., Sun, S., Han, R., Hua, C., van der Veen, S., & Cheng, H. (2019) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00172-19 · Cited by 21

SQSTM1/p62 loss reverses the inhibitory effect of sunitinib on autophagy independent of AMPK signaling

Hou, B., Wang, G., Gao, Q., Wei, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Huo, Y., Yang, H., Jiang, X., & Xi, Z. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47597-4 · Cited by 21

Phosphorylation-independent mTORC1 inhibition by the autophagy inducer Rottlerin

Torricelli, C., Daveri, E., Salvadori, S., Valacchi, G., Ietta, F., Muscettola, M., Carlucci, F., & Maioli, E. (2015) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.040 · Cited by 20

Emerging Role of Autophagy in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

El-Aziz, Y. S. A., Leck, L. Y. W., Jansson, P. J., & Sahni, S. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13246152 · Cited by 22

STAT3 suppresses the AMPKα / ULK1 ‐dependent induction of autophagy in glioblastoma cells

Bhattacharya, S., Yin, J., Yang, C., Wang, Y., Sims, M. M., Pfeffer, L. M., & Chaum, E. (2022) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17421 · Cited by 19

Late Exercise Preconditioning Promotes Autophagy against Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury through the Activation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 Pathway

Liu, H.-T., & Pan, S.-S. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/5697380 · Cited by 19

The Autophagy-Initiating Protein Kinase ULK1 Phosphorylates Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein pp28 and Regulates Efficient Virus Release

König, P., Svrlanska, A., Read, C., Feichtinger, S., & Stamminger, T. (2020) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02346-20 · Cited by 18

Protein Quality Control at the Sarcomere: Titin Protection and Turnover and Implications for Disease Development

Kötter, S., & Krüger, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.914296 · Cited by 22

Sevoflurane Postconditioning Inhibits Autophagy Through Activation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Cascade, Alleviating Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats

Wang, S., Xue, H., Xu, Y., Niu, J., & Zhao, P. (2018) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-018-2682-9 · Cited by 19

Autophagy Dually Induced by AMP Surplus and Oxidative Stress Enhances Hemocyte Survival and Bactericidal Capacity via AMPK Pathway in Crassostrea hongkongensis

Dang, X., Wong, N.-K., Xie, Y., Thiyagarajan, V., Mao, F., Zhang, X., Lin, Y. N., Xiang, Z., Li, J., Xiao, S., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00411 · Cited by 19

Identification of the Fosl1/AMPK/autophagy axis involved in apoptotic and inflammatory effects following spinal cord injury

Zhong, L., Fang, S., Wang, A.-Q., Zhang, Z., Wang, T., Huang, W. H., Zhou, H., Zhang, H., & Yin, Z. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108492 · Cited by 19

Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Survival during Hypoxia

Du, L., Shen, T., Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Jia, N., Wang, Q., & He, Q. W. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000477885 · Cited by 19

Signalling mechanisms that regulate metabolic profile and autophagy of acute myeloid leukaemia cells

Pereira, O., Teixeira, A., Sampaio‐Marques, B., Castro, I., Girão, H., & Ludovico, P. (2018) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.13737 · Cited by 20

An oasis in the desert of cancer chemotherapeutic resistance: The enlightenment from reciprocal crosstalk between signaling pathways of UPR and autophagy in cancers

Zhang, Y., Qu, X., & Jiang, L. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.132 · Cited by 18

Qiangjing tablets ameliorate asthenozoospermia via mitochondrial ubiquitination and mitophagy mediated by LKB1/AMPK/ULK1 signaling

Li, G., Xu, Y., Li, Y., Chang, D., Zhang, P., Ma, Z., Chen, D., You, Y., Huang, X., & Cai, J. (2023) · Pharmaceutical Biology · doi:10.1080/13880209.2023.2168021 · Cited by 18

Targeting Unc51-like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1 (ULK1) Overcomes Adaptive Drug Resistance in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Bhattacharya, S., Piya, S., Ma, H., Sharma, P., Zhang, Q., Baran, N., Ruvolo, V. R., McQueen, T. J., Davis, R. E., Pourebrahim, R., et al. (2023) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0343 · Cited by 19

Protection against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Is Not Maintained Following Prolonged Autophagy Inhibition

Montalvo, R. N., Doerr, V., Kwon, O. S., Talbert, E. E., Yoo, J., Hwang, M., Nguyen, B. L., Christou, D. D., Kavazis, A. N., & Smuder, A. J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21218105 · Cited by 19

Induction of mitophagy in C2C12 cells by electrical pulse stimulation involves increasing the level of the mitochondrial receptor FUNDC1 through the AMPK-ULK1 pathway.

Gao, J., Liang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, R., & Liu, X. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 18

Glycycoumarin prevents hepatic steatosis through activation of adenosine 5,-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and up-regulation of BTG1/Tob-1

Zhang, E., Song, X., Yin, S., Fan, L., Ye, M., & Hu, H. (2017) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.036 · Cited by 18

Multifaceted role of AMPK in autophagy: more than a simple trigger?

Mandić, M., Misirkic-Marjanovic, M., Janjetović, K., Bošnjak, M., Harhaji-Trajkovic, L. M., Trajković, V., & Vucicevic, L. M. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.01058.2024 · Cited by 26

Lysosome heterogeneity and diversity mapped through its distinct cellular functions

Chavan, I., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-025-05883-7 · Cited by 18

Protein Kinase A and 5′ AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways Exert Opposite Effects on Induction of Autophagy in Luteal Cells

Przygrodzka, E., Monaco, C. F., Plewes, M. R., Li, G., Wood, J. R., Cupp, A. S., & Davis, J. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.723563 · Cited by 17

Role of mechanistic target of rapamycin in autophagy and alcohol-associated liver disease

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Membrane estrogen receptor ERα activation improves tau clearance via autophagy induction in a tauopathy cell model

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