Cited by 109DNA Repair MechanismsEffects of Radiation ExposureCancer-related Molecular Pathways

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An Imperfect G 2 M Checkpoint Contributes to Chromosome Instability Following Irradiation of S and G 2 Phase Cells

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Krempler, Andrea, Deckbar, Dorothee, Jeggo, Penny A., Lobrich, Markus·2007·Cell Cycle

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Abstract

DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and checkpoint control represent two major mechanisms that function to reduce chromosomal instability following ionizing irradiation (IR). Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) cells have long been known to have defective checkpoint responses. Recent studies have shown that they also have a DSB repair defect following IR raising the issue of how ATM's repair and checkpoint functions interplay to maintain chromosomal stability. A-T and Artemis cells manifest an identical and epistatic repair defect throughout the cell cycle demonstrating that ATM's major repair defect following IR represents Artemis-dependent end-processing. Artemis cells show efficient G(2)/M checkpoint induction and a prolonged arrest relative to normal cells. Following irradiation of G(2) cells, this checkpoint is dependent on ATM and A-T cells fail to show checkpoint arrest. In contrast, cells irradiated during S phase initiate a G(2)/M checkpoint which is independent of ATM and, significantly, both Artemis and A-T cells show a prolonged arrest at the G(2)/M checkpoint likely reflecting their repair defect. Strikingly, the G(2)/M checkpoint is released before the completion of repair when approximately 10-20 DSBs remain both for S phase and G(2) phase irradiated cells. This defined sensitivity level of the G(2)/M checkpoint explains the prolonged arrest in repair-deficient relative to normal cells and provides a conceptual framework for the cooperative phenotype between checkpoint and repair functions in maintaining chromosomal stability.

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Authors: Krempler, A., Deckbar, D., Jeggo, P. A., & Lobrich, M.
Affiliations: Saarland University (DE)
University of Sussex (GB)
ORCID: Jeggo, Penny A.
Venue: Cell Cycle
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2007-07-15
Volume: 6
Issue: 14
Pages: 1682-1686
ISSN: 1538-4101 (ISSN-L)
1551-4005
DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.14.4480
OpenAlex: W2054949155
Cited by: 109
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 0.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Cell Cycle (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (LO 677/4-1/2)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (02S8335, 02S8355)
Medical Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Keywords: G2/M checkpoint, chromosomal instability, ionizing radiation, DNA double-strand break repair, ATM, ataxia telangiectasia, Artemis, S-phase checkpoint, DNA end processing
MeSH terms: Cell Division, DNA, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins, Endonucleases, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Radiation, Ionizing, G2 Phase, S Phase, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Cell Cycle Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Chromosomal Instability, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins

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An Imperfect G 2 M Checkpoint Contributes to Chromosome Instability Following Irradiation of S and G 2 Phase Cells

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