ATM and ATR: networking cellular responses to DNA damage
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability depends on the appropriate response to DNA damage. This response is based on complex networks of signaling pathways that activate numerous processes and lead ultimately to damage repair and cellular survival - or apoptosis. The protein kinases ATM and ATR are master controllers of some of these networks, acting either in concert or separately to orchestrate the responses to specific types of DNA damage or stalled replication. Understanding their mode of action is essential to our understanding of how cells cope with genotoxic stress.
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ATR and ATM are the main checkpoint kinases turned on by DNA damage.
“The phosphoinositide-3-kinase-like kinases family of protein kinases including ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia- and Rad3- related) and ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) are the principal checkpoint kinases activated by DNA damage [13, 14].”
From NER initiation factors, DDB2 and XPC, regulate UV radiation response by recruiting ATR and ATM kinases to DNA damage sites (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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Musich, P. R., & Zou, Y. (2009) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100012 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Identification and characterization of FUS/TLS as a new target of ATM
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Krempler, A., Deckbar, D., Jeggo, P. A., & Lobrich, M. (2007) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.6.14.4480 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
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Ray, A., Milum, K., Battu, A., Wani, G., & Wani, A. A. (2013) · DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.01.003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“The phosphoinositide-3-kinase-like kinases family of protein kinases including ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia- and Rad3- related) and ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) are the principal checkpoint kinases activated by DNA damage [13, 14].”
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Phosphorylation and Degradation of MdmX Is Inhibited by Wip1 Phosphatase in the DNA Damage Response
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DNA repair mechanisms protect our genome from carcinogenesis
Moraes, M. C. S. (2012) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/3992 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Repair of UVB-induced DNA damage is reduced in melanoma due to low XPC and global genome repair
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RAG-Mediated V(D)J Recombination Is Not Essential for Tumorigenesis in <i>Atm</i>-Deficient Mice
Petiniot, L. K., Weaver, Z., Vacchio, M., Shen, R., Wangsa, D., Barlow, C., Eckhaus, M., Steinberg, S. M., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Ried, T., et al. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.9.3174-3177.2002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shiloh, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Shiloh, Yosef
- ORCID
- Shiloh, Yosef
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-77
- ISSN
- 0959-437X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080409413
- Cited by
- 601
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Genetics & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tel Aviv University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- ATM kinase, ATR kinase, DNA damage response, genome stability, DNA repair, signaling pathways, apoptosis, genotoxic stress, checkpoint kinase
- MeSH terms
- DNA Damage, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins, Endodeoxyribonucleases, Exodeoxyribonucleases, Fungal Proteins, Humans, Recombination, Genetic, Apoptosis, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Cell Cycle Proteins, BRCA1 Protein, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
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