Vaccine therapy for pancreatic cancer
Open accessAbstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease and currently available therapies have significant limitations. Pancreatic cancer is thus an ideal setting for the development of novel treatment modalities such as immunotherapy. However, relevant obstacles must be overcome for immunotherapeutic regimens against pancreatic cancer to be successful. Vaccine therapy relies on the administration of biological preparations that include an antigen that (at least ideally) is specifically expressed by malignant cells, boosting the natural ability of the immune system to react against neoplastic cells. There are a number of ways to deliver anticancer vaccines. Potent vaccines stimulate antigen presentation by dendritic cells, hence driving the expansion of antigen-specific effector and memory T cells. Unlike vaccines given as a prophylaxis against infectious diseases, anticancer vaccines require the concurrent administration of agents that interfere with the natural predisposition of tumors to drive immunosuppression. The safety and efficacy of vaccines against pancreatic cancer are nowadays being tested in early phase clinical trials.
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Peptide vaccines are suggested to provoke an immune reaction against a particular identified tumor antigen.
“On the contrary, peptide vaccines are suggested to provoke an immune reaction against a particular identified tumor antigen.”
From Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy (2024) · cites this paper as [151]
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BackgroundRecent advances in understanding pancreatic cancer
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Trials of vaccines for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Is there any hope of an improved prognosis?
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The use of radiofrequency ablation in pancreatic cancer in the midst of the dawn of immuno-oncology
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Immune defects in pancreatic cancer
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“Nevertheless, cancer vaccines carrying immune dominant antigens is still not effective even though vaccines were able to induce effector T cell responses in the peripheral blood (2).”
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“They can be loaded with specific tumor-associated antigens (TAA) or can be transfected with tumor-derived mRNAs to express specific TAA [77].”
BackgroundInfluentialDigoxin use after diagnosis of breast cancer and survival: a population-based cohort study
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“Unfortunately, immunotherapy in large or late clinical trials failed to show satisfactory clinical results, which can be expected in some early studies.([23,24]) So far, immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD1/PDL1”
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Are Aspects of Integrative Concepts Helpful to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Therapy?
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“A phase I study found that three out of eight patients who received the highest doses of GVAX experienced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to autologous tumor cells and remained disease free for more than 15 years (68,69).”
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“21037/acr-20-154 supported by the fact that vaccines have elicited neoantigen specific T cell responses without meaningful clinical benefit in this patient population (10).”
BackgroundImmunotherapeutic Approach for Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
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“PDAC may not exhibit a satisfactory adaptive immune response to checkpoint blockade,[72] but the immune response to checkpoint blockage may be heightened with the addition of vaccine therapy.”
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“the safety and efficacy of peptide vaccines (including KRAS, telomerase, VEGF-receptor targeting vaccines), DC vaccines and whole-cell vaccines (TABLE 1) [40].”
BackgroundImmunotherapy in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal (GI), and Pulmonary Malignancies
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“Phase I/II evidence suggests peptide vaccines based on kinesin proteins that are transactivated in pancreatic cancer may confer a survival benefit in patients with chemo-refractory APC compared to historical controls [105], warranting further investigation.”
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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Emerging Treatments
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Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma
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Public attitudes toward vaccination
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Islet Inflammation: The Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer
Mukhuty, A. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.98538
“A better explanation of the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer, is poorly controlled diabetes or it can be an intrinsically genetic [8] or epigenetic [80–82] or immunologic [83, 84] or gastrointestinal microbiota [85, 86] or tissue microenvironment which are characteristic of Type 2 diabetes [87–89] patients progressin…”
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Zhao, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Liu, F., Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Li, X., Li, R., Ma, J., Wu, H., et al. (2025) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2025.15211
“This suggests that the TME in high‑risk patients exhibits a complex interplay between immunosuppression and immune activation, likely driven by a dual mechanism in which tumors evade immune responses by recruiting suppressive immune cells whilst upregulating co‑stimulatory signals (23).”
Case Studies Highlighting Promising Therapies and Their Effectiveness in Pancreatic Cancer
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Standard Treatments of Pancreatic Cancer and Their Limitations
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- Authors
- Salman, B., Zhou, D., Jaffee, E. M., Edil, B. H., & Zheng, L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zheng, Lei
- Venue
- OncoImmunology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e26662
- ISSN
- 2162-4011 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-402X
- PMC
- PMC3912009
- OpenAlex
- W2019264711
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- OncoImmunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Pancreas Foundation
- Johns Hopkins University
- Lefkofsky Family Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (CA062924)
- National Cancer Institute (K23CA148964, P50CA062924, CA062924)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- pancreatic cancer, cancer vaccine therapy, immunotherapy, dendritic cell antigen presentation, tumor immunosuppression, antigen-specific T cells, vaccine delivery, clinical trials
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