Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells vs. Estradiol Benzoate or Avosoya on the Cerebellar Cortex of Ovariectomized Adult Albino Rats
Abstract
Alterations in hormone levels during menopause affect cognitive function and brain chemistry. Stem cell therapy in nervous system disorders is a growing field. The present research aimed to compare the effect of MSCs with that of estradiol benzoate or avosoya on the cerebellum of ovariectomized rats. Fifty eight adult female Wistar albino rats were classified into five groups. Control group (Group I) and four ovariectomized groups. Group II (ovariectomized rats received no treatment), Group III (injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate), Group IV (received avosoya orally) and Group V (treated with human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells [HUCBMSCs]). Cerebellar sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and cresyl fast violet. Immunoperoxidase reaction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), estrogen receptor beta (Erβ) and Bax protein was also done. HUCBMSCs homing in rat cerebellum were detected by human albumin gene. Antioxidant enzyme levels were also measured in cerebellum homogenate. Decreased density of neurons in the three cortical layers with vacuolations and distorted Purkinje cells with pyknotic nuclei were observed in Group II. Group III cerebellar cortex showed normal architecture but some Purkinje cells had pyknotic nuclei. Group IV showed normal neuronal cells in the three cortical layers. Group V Purkinje cells were pyriform with vesicular nuclei, and basophilic cytoplasm. Small rounded cells with deeply stained nuclei appeared in the granular layer. In conclusion: estradiol benzoate and avosoya improve ovariectomy-induced cerebellar alteration, and MSCs show promising results in this field.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
FEN-induced oxidative stress increases mitochondrial membrane permeability, releasing cytochrome C into the cytosol, which activates caspase-9 and procaspase-3, triggering apoptosis.
“This was in agreement with Ahmed et al. (2017) who referred this effect to increased mitochondrial membrane permeability caused by FEN-induced oxidative stress, which results in the release of cytochrome C into the cytosol. Apoptosis is triggered when cytochrome C activates caspase-9, which then cleaves and activates procaspase-3 (Soliman et al. 2017).”
From Can coenzyme Q10 alleviate the toxic effect of fenofibrate on skeletal muscle? (2023) · cites this paper as Ahmed et al. 2017
Cites
Aebi, H. (1984) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3 · Cited by 25,696 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Catalase (CAT) activity (in U/g tissue) was assessed by means of the method of Aebi [38].”
MethodDominici, M., Le Blanc, K., Mueller, I., Slaper-Cortenbach, I., Marini, F. C., Krause, D. S., Deans, R. J., Keating, A., Prockop, D. J., & Horwitz, E. M. (2006) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1080/14653240600855905 · Cited by 17,766 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Real time PCR analysis demonstrated a positive expression for CD105 in HUCB-MSCs, but was negative for CD34.”
BackgroundInfluentialAstrocytes: Biology and pathology
Sofroniew, M. V., & Vinters, H. V. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0619-8 · Cited by 5,196 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Sofroniew and Vinters [57] reported that any mechanical, chemical or degenerative insults to the brain, stimulates astrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy with increased synthesis of GFAP leading to astrogliosis.”
BackgroundNishikimi, M., Rao, N. A., & Yagi, K. (1972) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80218-3 · Cited by 4,091 · see citing works
Yao, J., Irwin, R. W., Zhao, L., Nilsen, J., Hamilton, R. T., & Brinton, R. D. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903563106 · Cited by 940 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The current findings provided a plausible mechanism underlying the clinical observation of increased risk of Alzheimerʼs disease in women who had undergone oophorectomy prior to menopause [43,44].”
BackgroundCritical Parameters for the Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood
Bieback, K., Kern, S., Klüter, H., & Eichler, H. (2004) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.22-4-625 · Cited by 932 · cited 2× · see citing works
“25% trypsin/ ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) (Trypsin 1:250, EDTA 1 mM, LonzaBioproducts, Belgium) [27].”
InfluentialCD105 is important for angiogenesis: evidence and potential applications
Duff, S., Li, C., Garland, J. M., & Kumar, S. (2003) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0634rev · Cited by 554 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It plays an important role in angiogenesis [17,18].”
BackgroundModification of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders by Genes, Diet, and Behavior
Mattson, M. P., Chan, S. L., & Duan, W. (2002) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2002 · Cited by 438 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings can be attributed to accumulation of damaged molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) resulting from apoptosis and oxidative stress mechanisms [40].”
BackgroundSuggested Guidelines for Immunohistochemical Techniques in Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
Ramos-vara, J., Kiupel, M., Baszler, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · doi:10.1177/104063870802000401 · Cited by 354 · cited 16×
“Cord blood was then diluted 3X with PBS buffer.”
MethodInfluentialArellano-Rodrigo, E., Álvarez-Larrán, A., Reverter, J., Villamor, N., Colomer, D., & Cervantes, F. (2006) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/%x · Cited by 304
Astrogliosis in CNS Pathologies: Is There A Role for Microglia?
Zhang, D., Hu, X., Li, Q., O'Callaghan, J. P., & Hong, J. (2010) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-010-8098-4 · Cited by 295 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, Bcl-2 may contribute to the maintenance of the injected stem cells in the cerebellum of ataxic rats [66,67].”
BackgroundKim, W.-S., Park, B.-S., Kim, H.-K., Park, J., Kim, K.-J., Choi, J.-S., Chung, S., Kim, D., & Sung, J.-H. (2007) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.08.004 · Cited by 281 · cited 1× · see citing works
“MSCs exhibited antioxidant activity through the effect on the levels of glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, and modulating the pathways of antioxidant-related protein activation [19,20].”
BackgroundDirect antioxidant and protective effect of estradiol on isolated mitochondria
Borrás, C., Gambini, J., López-Grueso, R., Pallardó, F. V., & Viña, J. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.09.007 · Cited by 246 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A major problem facing research of the protective effects of estrogens on biological systems is its serious side effects and feminizing effects so, it cannot be administered to men [49].”
BackgroundKillpack, W. (1950) · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(50)91764-8 · Cited by 244
The History of the Development of the Cerebellar Examination
Fine, E. J., Ionita, C. C., & Lohr, L. A. (2002) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2002-36759 · Cited by 196 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Patients suffered from cerebellar damage have disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture and motor learning [1,2].”
BackgroundEvaluating the Affective Component of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome
Wolf, U., Rapoport, M. J., & Schweizer, T. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2009.21.3.245 · Cited by 195 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Patients suffered from cerebellar damage have disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture and motor learning [1,2].”
BackgroundSakamoto, H., Ukena, K., & Tsutsui, K. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-06221.2001 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Borrás, C., Gambini, J., Gómez‐Cabrera, M. C., Sastre, J., Pallardó, F. V., Mann, G. E., & Viña, J. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-5522fje · Cited by 180 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Limited effects on cardiovascular system or on the promotion of cancer have been reported [51].”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, Q., Long, Y., Yuan, X., Zou, L., Sun, J., Chen, S., Perez-Polo, J. R., & Yang, K. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20494 · Cited by 178 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[53], HUCBMCs were found to express BDNF and other factors such as NT-3 and GDNF.”
BackgroundNeuroprotective mesenchymal stem cells are endowed with a potent antioxidant effect <i>in vivo</i>
Lanza, C., Morando, S., Voci, A., Canesi, L., Principato, M. C., Serpero, L. D., Mancardi, G., Uccelli, A., & Vergani, L. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06268.x · Cited by 175 · cited 1× · see citing works
“MSCs exhibited antioxidant activity through the effect on the levels of glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, and modulating the pathways of antioxidant-related protein activation [19,20].”
BackgroundDendritic Growth and Spine Formation in Response to Estrogen in the Developing Purkinje Cell
Sakamoto, H., Mezaki, Y., Shikimi, H., Ukena, K., & Tsutsui, K. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0307 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Selective regional loss of exocytotic presynaptic vesicle proteins in Alzheimer’s disease brains
Sze, C., Bi, H., Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K., Filley, C. M., & Martin, L. J. (2000) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00285-9 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
RNA oxidation in Alzheimer disease and related neurodegenerative disorders
Nunomura, A., Hofer, T., Moreira, P. I., Castellani, R. J., Smith, M. A., & Perry, G. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0508-1 · Cited by 148 · cited 1× · see citing works
“OVX was demonstrated to increase oxidative stress markers in human Alzheimer diseased patients, whereas estrogen treatment initiated at time of OVX prevented the OVX-induced oxidative damage [69].”
BackgroundSasahara, K., Shikimi, H., Haraguchi, S., Sakamoto, H., Honda, S.-I., Harada, N., & Tsutsui, K. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0710-07.2007 · Cited by 127 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Estrogen was found to increase presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, such as syntaxin, synaptophysin and spinophilin in the CA1 region of the primate hippocampus [45,46].”
BackgroundKim, Y., Jo, S.-H., Kim, W. H., & Kweon, O. (2015) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0236-5 · Cited by 125 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[21] suggested that early intravenous injection of MSCs after acute spinal cord injury may prevent further damage through enhancement of antioxidative mechanisms, without inducing adverse effects.”
BackgroundMaki, P. M., & Resnick, S. M. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0887 · Cited by 120 · cited 1× · see citing works
“nonusers exhibited a significant difference in regional cerebral blood flow relative to activation patterns during memory tasks [47,48].”
BackgroundChoi, J. M., Romeo, R. D., Brake, W. G., Bethea, C. L., Rosenwaks, Z., & McEwen, B. S. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0216 · Cited by 117 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Estrogen was found to increase presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, such as syntaxin, synaptophysin and spinophilin in the CA1 region of the primate hippocampus [45,46].”
BackgroundBoileau, C., Martel-Pelletier, J., Caron, J., et al. (2009) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2649 · Cited by 116 · cited 1×
“The dose was established based on the recent FDA guidelines [34].”
MethodHuman Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Reduced Expression of CD105 after Culture in Serum-Free Medium
Mark, P., Kleinsorge, M., Gaebel, R., Lux, C. A., Toelk, A., Pittermann, E., David, R., Steinhoff, G., & Ma, N. (2013) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2013/698076 · Cited by 113 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Their plasticity and proliferation potential make them an important tool for cell transplantation as well as generation of living, functional tissue suitable for organ repair and replacement [13].”
BackgroundJones, J., Jaramillo-Merchán, J., Bueno, C., Pastor, D., Viso-León, M. C., & Martı́nez, S. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.07.001 · Cited by 109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[54] injected mouse MSC in the cerebellum of newborn Lurcher mutant mice (an animal model for cerebellar ataxia with postnatal death of Purkinje cells).”
BackgroundOophorectomy, Menopause, Estrogen, and Cognitive Aging: The Timing Hypothesis
Rocca, W. A., Grossardt, B. R., & Shuster, L. T. (2010) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000289229 · Cited by 108 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The current findings provided a plausible mechanism underlying the clinical observation of increased risk of Alzheimerʼs disease in women who had undergone oophorectomy prior to menopause [43,44].”
BackgroundStem cell delivery of therapies for brain disorders
Aleynik, A., Gernavage, K. M., Mourad, Y. S., Sherman, L. S., Liu, K. Y., Gubenko, Y. A., & Rameshwar, P. (2014) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/2001-1326-3-24 · Cited by 101 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[68] who reported stem cell homing to the brain.”
BackgroundThe cerebellum as a target for estrogen action
Hedges, V., Ebner, T., Meisel, R., & Mermelstein, P. (2012) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.005 · Cited by 94 · cited 1× · see citing works
“So, the cerebellum is considered as a target of estrogen action [3].”
BackgroundEstradiol Improves Cerebellar Memory Formation by Activating Estrogen Receptor β
Andreescu, C., Milojkovic, B., Haasdijk, E., Kramer, P., de Jong, F. D., Krust, A., Zeeuw, C. D. D., & de Jeu, M. D. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2588-07.2007 · Cited by 93 · cited 1× · see citing works
“1 mL sesame oil/ day for 8 weeks from the second day after operation [33].”
MethodMatsunaga, M., Ukena, K., Baulieu, É.-É., & Tsutsui, K. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407176101 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Multiple ERβ antisera label in ERβ knockout and null mouse tissues
Snyder, M. A., Smejkalová, T., Forlano, P. M., & Woolley, C. S. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.02.012 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tei, K., Matsumoto, T., Mifune, Y., Ishida, K., Sasaki, K., Shoji, T., Kubo, S., Kawamoto, A., Asahara, T., Kurosaka, M., et al. (2008) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0671 · Cited by 78 · cited 1× · see citing works
“GAPDH antisense 5’-CACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAAATTCG-3’ [28,29]”
Pan, M., Li, Z., Yeung, V., & Xu, R.-J. (2010) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-75 · Cited by 75 · cited 3× · see citing works
“It has also been reported that estrogen replacement therapy improves learning and memory function of the brain [7].”
BackgroundMetabolic effects of physical training in ovariectomized and hyperestrogenic rats.
Latour, M., Shinoda, M., & Lavoie, J.-M. (2001) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.1.235 · Cited by 72 · cited 2× · see citing works
“It can also regulate the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, such as increasing Bcl-2 expression [25].”
BackgroundMethodDasari, V. R., Veeravalli, K. K., Saving, K. L., Gujrati, M., Fassett, D., Klopfenstein, J. D., Dinh, D. H., & Rao, J. S. (2008) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.09.005 · Cited by 68 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[65] found that intravenous administration of HUCB-MSCs modulates the expression of proteins involved in cell survival.”
BackgroundPhytoestrogens: hormonal action and brain plasticity
Lephart, E. D., Setchell, K. D. R., & Lund, T. D. (2004) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.11.022 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In a state with low levels of endogenous estrogens (men, women in menopause and after OVX), the estrogenic activity of isoflavones may be manifested [62].”
BackgroundHaas, S. J.-P., Bauer, P. O., Rolfs, A., et al. (2000) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1078/s0065-1281(04)70035-5 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Labeling of HUCB-MSCs with cell linker Paul Karl Horan 26 (PKH-26) (red fluorescence): HUCB-MSCs were harvested during the 2nd passage and were labelled with PKH26 dye [30].”
MethodIyer, S. S., Torres-González, E., Neujahr, D. C., Kwon, M., Brigham, K. L., Jones, D. P., Mora, A. L., & Rojas, M. (2010) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.4061/2010/868076 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The relation of MSCs and the oxidative-antioxidative status was reported [21,72].”
BackgroundThe Female Sex Hormone Oestrogen as Neuroprotectant: Activities at Various Levels
Behl, C., Moosmann, B., Manthey, D., & Heck, S. (2000) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/0470870818.ch16 · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Estradiol was postulated to be antioxidant because of the phenolic structure of the A ring of the steroid molecule [70].”
BackgroundIkeda, Y., & Nagai, A. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.025 · Cited by 41 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The adult cerebellum expresses both estrogen receptor alpha (Erα) and Erβ [4].”
BackgroundKara, A., Unal, D., Şimşek, N., et al. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.864270 · Cited by 39 · cited 2×
“They were sacrificed 8 weeks from the second day after ovariectomy operation with intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/ kg sodium thiopental [23].”
MethodMuñiz, C., Teodósio, C., Mayado, A., Amaral, A. T., Matarraz, S., Bárcena, P., Sánchez, M. L., Álvarez‐Twöse, I., Díez‐Campelo, M., García‐Montero, A. C., et al. (2015) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0152-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Chung, Y. H., Shin, C. M., Joo, K. M., Kim, M. J., & Ik, C. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03261-4 · Cited by 29 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[41] stated that Purkinje cells were the sites of functionally significant oxidative damage in aged rats.”
BackgroundPeng, Y.-R., Jiang, B., Wu, H., et al. (2012) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.36.004 · Cited by 28 · cited 14×
“Apoptosis was reported in OVX rats’ hippocampus with an obvious decline in Bcl-2 and an increase in Bax [26].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLossi, L., Gambino, G., Ferrini, F., Alasia, S., & Merighi, A. (2009) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20744 · Cited by 23 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, Bcl-2 may contribute to the maintenance of the injected stem cells in the cerebellum of ataxic rats [66,67].”
BackgroundER‐β mediates 17β‐estradiol attenuation of HIV‐1 Tat‐induced apoptotic signaling
Adams, S. M., Aksenova, M. V., Aksenov, M. Y., Mactutus, C. F., & Booze, R. M. (2010) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20793 · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One of the most important is its effect on the expression of apoptosis-related genes [63].”
BackgroundTumorigenicity Evaluation of Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Park, S.-J., Kim, H., Kim, W., et al. (2016) · Toxicological Research · doi:10.5487/tr.2016.32.3.251 · Cited by 20 · cited 1×
“MSCs are promising in cell therapies as they are easily obtained from various tissues and have the properties of tissue repair and revascularization [14].”
BackgroundCalatrava-Ferreras, L., Gonzalo-Gobernado, R., Herranz, A., et al. (2012) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2012/135187 · Cited by 12 · cited 4×
“Volume 8 • Issue 1 • 1000444 J Cytol Histol, an open access journal ISSN: 2157-7099 levels and immune reactivity in the cerebellum suggests that grafted cells could be involved in the modulation of astrogliosis [31].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPanahi, Y., Beiraghdar, F., Kashani, N., et al. (2011) · Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research · doi:10.22037/ijpr.2011.1010 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“In contrast, the adult cerebellum expresses high levels of Erβ, primarily in Purkinje cells and also in cerebellar granule cells [6].”
BackgroundLópez-Grueso, R., Borrás, C., Gambini, J., & Viña, J. (2010) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2009.12.005 · Cited by 10 · cited 1× · see citing works
“nonusers exhibited a significant difference in regional cerebral blood flow relative to activation patterns during memory tasks [47,48].”
BackgroundQuantitative age-changes in endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus of cerebellar granule cells☆
Monteiro, R. A. F., Henrique, R., Rocha, E., Silva, M. W., & de Oliveira, M. H. S. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00104-4 · Cited by 6 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This could be explained by decreased rate of protein synthesis in ovariectomized rat cerebella [55].”
BackgroundExperimental neurotransplantation treatment for hereditary cerebellar ataxias
Cendelín, J. (2016) · Cerebellum & Ataxias · doi:10.1186/s40673-016-0045-3 · Cited by 6 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cendelin [52] reported that various types of stem cells can be used for experimental neurotransplantation such as: embryonic or adult neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from various tissues.”
BackgroundAl‐Sherbini, M. M., Al‐Zahrani, M. S., Alrefaie, Z. A., Amin, H. A., & Zawawi, K. H. (2014) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/1658-3175.5914 · Cited by 5 · cited 1× · see citing works
“So, estrogen could affect its own receptor concentrations through increasing target tissue responsiveness to itself [61].”
BackgroundPeinado, M. Á., Martínez, M., Ramı́rez-Expósito, M. J., Quesada, A., Pedrosa, J. Á., Iribar, C., & Peinado, J. M. (2002) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-105-3_1 · Cited by 2 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Oxidative stress was claimed as the molecular mechanism of astrocyte activation which is a consequence of increasing need for neuronal protection [56].”
BackgroundRossberg, M., Alkayed, N., Joh, H., et al. (2001) · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.suppl_1.327-b · Cited by 2 · cited 1×
“Estrogen was found to affect the expression of Bcl-2 through the regulation of estrogen receptors, particularly Erβ, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis [64].”
BackgroundA Comparison Between the Effects of Estrogen and Soy Extract on Chronic Pain in Male Rats
Kiasalari, Z., & Khalili, M. (2008) · Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research · doi:10.22037/ijpr.2010.764 · Cited by 1 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They are found largely in soybeans and their byproducts [10].”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
El‐naseery, N. I., Elewa, Y. H. A., Ichii, O., et al. (2018) · Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Abdelrahman, S. A., Abdelrahman, A. A., Samy, W. M., Dessouky, A. A., & Ahmed, S. M. (2022) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-022-03627-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In previous research studies, we used systemically injected MSCs by IV route and proved their ameliorative effects on induced pathological changes in different rat and mice tissues including the cerebellum (Ahmed et al. 2017), the retina (Mohamed et al.”
MethodSelf-citationSamak, M. A., Abdelrahman, A. A., Samy, W. M., et al. (2022) · Current Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1874467215666220902112939 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationAbbas, A. M. M., Alrezami, S. A. A., & Al-Amrani, B. A. A. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.2147/jep.s555519 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hamam, G. G., Bahaa, N., & Raafat, M. H. (2022) · Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure · doi:10.4103/jmau.jmau_78_20 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“[25,26] It has been found also on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells.[27,28] This agreed with the results of the present work where positive immunoreaction was detected in the endothelium of capillaries of all organs.”
ResultCan coenzyme Q10 alleviate the toxic effect of fenofibrate on skeletal muscle?
El-Bassouny, D. R., Mansour, A. A., Ellakkany, A. S., Ayuob, N. N., & AbdElfattah, A. A. (2023) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-023-02205-5
Saeed, T. M. T., Al-Mekhlafi, A. G., Abuarij, M., et al. (2026) · Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center · doi:10.1186/s42269-026-01479-8
“Tissues were prepared for routine hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and was evaluated without knowledge of treatment groups by a histo-pathologist (Ahmed et al. 2017).”
- Authors
- Ahmed, S. M., Abdelrahman, S. A., & Shalaby, S. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Cytology & Histology
- Publisher
- OMICS Publishing Group
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 08
- Issue
- 01
- ISSN
- 2157-7099 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2605813119
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cytology & Histology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, estradiol benzoate, ovariectomy, menopause, cerebellar cortex, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Purkinje cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein, estrogen receptor beta, Bax, antioxidant enzymes, neuroprotection, stem cell therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
