Co-liquefaction of Coal and Used Tire in Supercritical Water
Open accessAbstract
The co-liquefaction of lignite coal and used tire was performed in a 250-ml batch reactor, in supercritical water under a nitrogen atmosphere to investigate the effects of temperature (380-440℃), water/feedstock ratio (4/1-10/1 (wt./wt.)) and the % used tire content in the feedstock (0-100 wt.%) on the conversion efficiency, liquid yield and oil composition attained. The maximum conversion and oil yield were 67 and 50%, respectively, obtained at 400℃ at 1 min, with water/feedstock ratio of 10/1 and 80% used tire content. The distillation characteristics of the oil products, analyzed by simulated distillation gas chromatography, revealed that the oil composition depended significantly on the reaction temperature. The co-liquefaction of coal and used tire yielded a synergistically increased level of oil production. Moreover, the total conversion level obtained with co-liquefaction alone was almost equal to those obtained in the presence of either Fe2O3 or NiMo as catalysts, under the same conditions. Therefore, supercritical water is a good medium for the dissolution of the volatile matter from a coal and used tire matrix.
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Use of catalysts like Fe2O3 in other solvent systems has shown high conversion rates in co-liquefaction.
“The use of catalysts like Fe 2 O 3 in other solvent systems has also shown high conversion rates.”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [378]
Section 3.6 (page unavailable) reports coal–tire co-liquefaction using Fe₂O₃, but the solvent was supercritical water, not another solvent system. It also says total conversion with the catalyst was almost equal to conversion without it. The paper therefore supports the use of Fe₂O₃ in co-liquefaction, but not the claim about results in other solvent systems. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredComponents from tire degradation may act as hydrogen donors or exhibit catalytic effects aiding lignite conversion in co-liquefaction.
“This suggests potential synergistic interactions where components from tire degradation may act as hydrogen donors or exhibit catalytic effects aiding lignite conversion [378,379].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [378]
Section 3.4 (page unavailable) reports more efficient co-liquefaction of lignite and used tire and links it to interactions between radicals formed during cracking. It does not identify tire-degradation products as hydrogen donors or catalysts. Section 3.3 instead identifies hydrogen generated by the water–gas shift reaction as the hydrogenation agent; section 3.6 tests added catalysts, not catalytic effects of tire components. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCo-liquefaction of lignite and waste tire raw material in supercritical water at 400°C with 80% tire content has achieved total conversions up to 67% and oil yields of 50%.
“In the co-liquefaction of lignite and waste tire raw material, for instance, in supercritical water at 400 • C with an 80% tire content, total conversions up to 67% and oil yields of 50% have been achieved.”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [378]
HTL oils from biomass generally have higher heating values (around 30-36 MJ/kg) and lower oxygen content compared to pyrolysis oils, though alkane concentrations vary with feedstock and conditions.
“HTL oils from biomass generally feature higher heating values (around 30-36 MJ/kg) and lower oxygen content compared to pyrolysis oils, though detailed alkane concentrations vary with feedstock and conditions [377,378].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [378]
Section 3.5 reports how temperature and used-tire content affect the distillation fractions of oil made from coal and used tires. Searches for biomass HTL oil heating values, oxygen content relative to pyrolysis oils, and alkane concentrations found no passage addressing those claims. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Supercritical Water Gasification of Coal with Waste Black Liquor as Inexpensive Additives
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Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Yılbaşı, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136145 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Onsri, K., Prasassarakich, P., & Ngamprasertsith, S.
- Affiliations
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- Venue
- Energy and Power Engineering
- Publisher
- Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 02
- Issue
- 02
- Pages
- 95-102
- ISSN
- 1947-3818 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-243X
- OpenAlex
- W2028027473
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Energy and Power Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Chulalongkorn University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Coal Properties and Utilization
- Keywords
- co-liquefaction, lignite coal, supercritical water, waste tire recycling, liquid yield, oil composition, reaction temperature, Fe2O3 catalyst, NiMo catalysts, simulated distillation
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