Status of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study with Emphasis on Aspects of Women and Girls in Camps of Kutupalong, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

May combine two claims.

In the new camp, 51% of male-headed households and 48% of female-headed households have 3-5 family members.

“In the new camp, 51% male-headed households and 48% of female-headed households have 3 -5 family members.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to respondents, housing conditions are not hygienic, families live in small spaces, and the tiny tarpaulin-and-bamboo houses are hot during the day with no ventilation.

“According to respondents, the housing condition is not hygienic and they have to live in a small space with all their family members.It is a tiny house made by tarpaulin with bamboo where we cook and bath together in the same place.It became hot during day time and no ventilation exists in the house.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Cooking smoke is unbearable, partitions are sometimes made for privacy, there is no veranda, and solar lamps provide light for only a few hours, not the whole night.

“During cooking, smokes become unbearable.Sometimes, they have to make a partition for privacy.There is no veranda in the living space.They received a solar lamp that provides light for a few hours but not enough to cover the whole night.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

There is no safe place for shelter during an emergency, and the entire camp area is overcrowded.

“There is no safe place for taking shelter during an emergency.All the camp area is overcrowded.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, family members of both male- and female-headed households came to Bangladesh more than 5 years ago; in the new camp, they came one year or less ago.

“In the registered camp, the family members of both male and female-headed households came to Bangladesh more than 5 years ago while in the new camp, they came to Bangladesh one year or less than a year.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 61% of male-headed households and 60% of female-headed households have children under age five.

“In the present study, 61% of male-headed households from the registered camp have children under the age of five compared to 60 percent among female-headed households (Table 3).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Women face gender barriers that limit their access to and participation in livelihood activities; most women do not take part in Cash-for-Work because of homemaking activities, and women's livelihood condition is very bad due to government restrictions on work.

“Furthermore, women face gender-barriers which limit their access to and participation in livelihood activities.While there are currently Cash-for-Work activities, most women do not take part because of homemaking activities where livelihood condition of women is very bad due to restriction on work imposed by the government (Source: KIIs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Women and girls mostly involve collecting relief items and rely on assistance from different NGOs in the camp.

“Women and girls, mostly involve collecting relief items.They have to rely on assistance from different NGOs in the camp (Source: FGDs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Cooking fuel is scarce, there is no escape route in case of fire, rain makes the camp and roads slippery and difficult to walk, and flash floods cause land erosion and landslides, leading many families to relocate to Camp 4 extension.

“Moreover, the scarcity of cooking fuel is making our lives horrible.If there is fire, no escape root available in the camp.Miseries go really high when it starts raining.The camp, adjacent areas, and roads become slippery that makes it difficult to move or walk.Moreover, there is land erosion due to a flash flood that causes landslides.As a result, many of their families need to relocate from the”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 77% of male-headed households are involved in an occupation, while none of the female-headed households are.

“With regard to the occupation of the Rohingya refugees in the registered camp, 77% of the male-headed households are involved in different occupation but none among the female-headed households (Table 3).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 35% of female-headed households built their shelter using a bamboo frame with external mud walls, 20% with bricks and cement, and 20% with CGI sheet.

“About 35% female-headed household from registered camp built their shelter by using a bamboo frame with external mud walls while 20% also built their shelter with bricks and cement and another 20% with CGI sheet.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In Myanmar, the refugees had plenty of land, big houses made of wood with CGI sheet roofs, separate toilets, and a place to bathe.

“In Myanmar, they have plenty of lands and their house was big, separate toilet, a place to take bath, and homes were made of wood and roof were with CGI sheet (Source: FGDs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 60% of households are female-headed and 40% male-headed; in the new camp, 59% are male-headed and 41% female-headed.

“In the registered camp, 60% are female-headed households whereas 40% are male-headed (Table 2).In contrast, 59% of households are male-headed while 41% are female-headed in the new camp.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The registered/old refugee camp and the new arrival camp are comparable enough that observed differences can be attributed to registration status or arrival time.

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Women have various skills but do not get jobs matching their skills.

“They have various skills but they didn't get a job as per their skill.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

All respondents in male-headed and female-headed households in the registered camp have no Family Counting Number (FCN), while all male-headed and female-headed households in the new arrivals have FCN.

“All of the respondents (100%) in male-headed and female-headed household in registered or old refugee part have no Family Counting Number (FCN) where all of the males headed and female-headed household in new arrivals have FCN (Table 3).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, all girls attend primary schools; in the new arrival camp, girls study at a temporary learning center.

“In the registered camp, all the girls attend primary schools.The same scenario was found in the new arrival camp where girls are studying at a temporary learning center.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, both male- and female-headed families rely on less preferred and less expensive food; in the new camp, both rely on borrowing food, help from relatives or friends, or seeking additional humanitarian assistance excluding WFP food vouchers.

“In registered camp, both male and female-headed family rely on less preferred and less expensive food (i.e.cheaper, lower quality food).In new camp, both male and female-headed family borrow food or relied on help from relatives or friends, or seeking additional humanitarian assistance excluding WFP food vouchers (Source: FGD & KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In male-headed households, 84% of girls and in female-headed households 85% of girls go to temporary learning centers, while 16% of girls in male-headed households and 15% in female-headed households go to Madrassas.

“In the male-headed household, 84% girls and in female-headed household 85% girls are going to the temporary learning centers while 16% girls in male-headed household and 15% girls in the female-headed household are going to the Madrassas (Table 7).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

There are centers for children, women and adolescent girls, including Child-Friendly Space, Temporary Learning Centre, Learning Centre, Adolescent-Friendly Space, and Women Friendly Space; women, youth, Imam and Majhi work for awareness, and women and girls participate in awareness and community sessions including life skill sessions.

“In addition, there is a center for children, women and adolescent girls, for example, Child-Friendly Space (CFS), Temporary Learning Centre (TLC), Learning Centre (LC), Adolescent-Friendly Space (CFS) and Women Friendly Space (WFS).Besides all of these different kinds of the center, women, youth, Imam and”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, male-headed family members with less income bought food on credit (38%), spent savings (31%), and sold household assets (31%); female-headed households reduced expenditures on essential non-food items (60%), spent savings (25%), and sold household assets (15%).

“In a registered camp, male-headed family members with less income bought food on credit (38%) followed by spending savings (31%) and selling household assets (31%) (Table 11).On the other hand, female-headed households reduced expenditures on essential non-food items (60%) followed by spending savings (25%) and selling household assets (15%) as their coping strategies.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Women participate in water and sanitation activities: in the health sector as assistants for health message dissemination, psychosocial support, and assistants to midwives and doctors; in the WASH sector in hygiene promotion, encouraging safe drinking water from tube-wells, proper use of aqua-tabs, and promotion of latrine use.

“Furthermore, women are participating in various activities related to water and sanitation.For instance, the health sector has included women as assistants in the health facilities for health message dissemination, psychosocial support, assistants to midwives and doctors.In the WASH sector, women are involved in hygiene promotion, encouraging communities to have safe drinking water from tube-wells”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Adolescent girls and women do not use a common bathing place; they make a small bathing place inside the house and use minimum water, and they are not used to using a communal toilet, making small toilets inside the living space and using minimum water during defecation, which remains unhygienic.

“Adolescent and women do not use a common bathing place.They make a small bathing place inside the house and use minimum water during bathing.Therefore, they are not used to use a communal toilet.They make small toilets inside the living space and use minimum water during defecation.As a result, it remains unhygienic (Source: KIIs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

All family members in both camps use a communal toilet; there is a separated toilet for women in the registered camp, while in the new arrival camp there are very few toilets designated for women and they are used by both men and women.

“On the other hand, all the family members of both camps use a communal toilet.There is a separated toilet for women in the registered camp while there are a very few toilets designated for women in the new arrival camp too but used by both men and women (Source: FGD & KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Old arrivals living in the registered camp for many years have access to education in mainstream primary schools up to class 8, and all children go to school for primary schooling; new arrivals have no school facility except temporary learning centers.

“Since old arrivals are living in the registered camp for many years, they have access to education in mainstream primary schools which is up to class 8.All children go to school for their primary schooling.In contrast, new arrivals have no school facility except for temporary learning centers (Source: FGD & KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Rohingya refugees collect water from communal tube wells for drinking and domestic use, do not know how to maintain them or who is responsible, and children, older women and men are responsible for collecting and preserving water at the household level.

“Moreover, there are some water points in camps where Rohingya refugee used to collect water.They collect water from communal tube wells for drinking, domestic use, etc.They do not know how to maintain it and who is the responsible person to maintain.They came from a conservative society, so children, edged women and men are responsible to collect water and preserve it at the household level.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 23% of male-headed and 45% of female-headed households found the latrine too crowded, 23% of male-headed and 35% of female-headed households found it unclean and unhygienic, and only 2% found the toilet full.

“However, 23% of male-headed and 45% of female-headed households in registered camp found latrine too crowded, followed by 23% of male-headed and 35% of female-headed households found latrine unclean and unhygienic while only 2% revealed that they found the toilet full.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Women and girls face different types of risks in the camp, including sexual and gender-based violence, physical harassment, and sexual exploitation.

“In addition, women and girls face different types of risks in the camp, for example, sexual and gender-based violence, physical harassment, sexual exploitation”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 38% of male-headed households and 10% of female-headed households have no problems with a latrine; in the new camp, 31% of male-headed and 30% of female-headed households have no problems with a latrine.

“About 38% male-headed household and 10% female-headed household have no problems with a latrine in registered camp (Table 5).In the new camp, about 31% male headed and 30% female-headed household have no problems with latrine.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the new arrivals, 44% of male-headed family members and 45% of female-headed family members can speak and read Burmese, while the majority can speak but cannot read or write Burmese.

“In the case of new arrivals, 44% of male-headed family members can speak and read Burmese compared to 45% among female-headed family members.On the other hand, the majority can speak but cannot read or write Burmese.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, male-headed households reported family separation (77%), fear of harassment especially for girls (62%), and lack of proper lighting (39%).

“In addition, male-headed households of the registered camp reported family separation (77%), fear of harassment especially in the case of girls (62%) and lack of proper lighting (39%).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

There is an existing gap in the perspective referral system and descriptions of clear roles and responsibilities of actors.

“Furthermore, there is also an existing gap in the perspective referral system and descriptions of clear roles and responsibilities of actors (Source: FGDs and KIIs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In disasters, people in the camp receive cyclone warning messages on and off but are not sure where to go for shelter; men may go to the nearby mosque, but women do not know a safer place for women.

“In addition, in the case of disasters, people living in the camp get cyclone warning messages on and off, but they are not sure where to go for shelter in times of crisis.Maybe men go to the nearby mosque to take shelter but women do not know where such a place is safer for women (Source: FGDs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

The condition of toilets is very unhygienic and overcrowded; there are very few separate toilets for girls and women, and these are not demarcated and not properly maintained.

“The condition of the toilet is very unhygienic and overcrowded.There are very few separate toilets for girls and women.Unfortunately, these are not demarcated and not properly maintained.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 47% of male-headed and 50% of female-headed households think access to legal assistance will improve their family's safety and security, followed by increased presence of police or army (16% male-headed and 5% female-headed).

“Furthermore, in the registered camp, 47% male-headed households and 50% female-headed households think access to legal assistance will improve their family's sense of safety and security followed by the increased presence of police or army (16% among male-headed households and 5% among female-headed households (Table 6).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Although men have the most access to cell phones, women have less access to mobile phones and fewer people to communicate with because they have no relatives outside the camp border.

“From the qualitative tools of the research work, it is also found that, although men have the most access to use a cell phone women have less access to use a mobile phone.In addition, they have less number of people to communicate as they have no relatives outside the camp border.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 53% of male-headed and 40% of female-headed households can speak and read Burmese; 31% of male-headed and 35% of female-headed households can speak but not read or write Burmese; 16% of male-headed and 25% of female-headed households do not understand Burmese at all.

“In the present study, it was found that 53% of the male and 40% of female-headed households from registered camp are capable of speak and read the Burmese language (Table 8).Amongst them, a sizable number can speak but cannot read or write Burmese (31% among male and 35% among female-headed households) followed by few who do not understand the Burmese language at all (16% among male and 25% among”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Both male- and female-headed household family members from the registered and new camps receive food assistance, and registered camp households receive food rations from WFP by E-voucher.

“In the present study, both male and female-headed household family members from registered and new camp receive food assistance.The households of the registered camp receive food ration from WFP by E-voucher.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Common livelihoods-based coping mechanisms used by refugee communities are borrowing money to buy food, spending savings, and selling jewelry, with higher frequency among refugees.

“As for coping strategies, common livelihoods-based coping mechanisms used by refugee communities are: 1) Borrowing money to buy food, 2) Spending savings and 3) Selling jewelry is common among both groups, frequency is higher among refugees.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

The majority of women are limited to living space in the camp and do not travel far, though to some extent community volunteer workers have access to radio and can listen to broadcasted messages.

“Furthermore, to a certain extent through community volunteer workers and have access to radio and are able to listen to broadcasted messages but the majority of women are limited to living space in the camp and do not travel far.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Most Rohingya cannot read and write, so they cannot easily understand humanitarian messages on posters; there are knowledge gaps on human rights, risk protection, sexual and reproductive health, nutrition, GBV and SGBV, and refugees are not aware of social and family benefits of gender equity and equality.

“Furthermore, most Rohingya cannot read and write.Therefore, they cannot easily understand the humanitarian messages on the poster.There are a knowledge gap on human rights, risk protection, sexual and reproductive health, nutrition issues, GBV and SGBV.Refugees are not also aware of social and family benefits of gender equity and equality and there are educational, humanitarian knowledge,”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 77% of male-headed and 75% of female-headed households use cell phones with Bangladeshi SIM cards, while 23-25% have no cell phones; in the new camp, 77% of male-headed and 51% of female-headed households have a cell phone with a Bangladeshi SIM card.

“In the registered camp, an overwhelming majority use cell phones with Bangladeshi SIM card (77% among male and 75% among female-headed households) while 23-25% does not have any cell phones (Table 9).However, in the new camp, the prevalence of cell phone with Bangladesh SIM card is more among male-headed household (77%) than among female-headed households (51%) as there is a restriction on the use”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

All male- and female-headed households in the registered camp have designated bathing facilities; male-headed households in new arrival camps also have them, but no bathing facility exists for female-headed households in new arrival camps, where women use a small corner of the shelter for bathing.

“All the male and female-headed households have designated bathing facility in registered camp.A similar scenario was found with regard to the bathing facility of male-headed households in new arrival camps but no bathing facility exists in the female-headed households in new arrival camps.Women in the new arrival camp use a small corner of the shelter for bathing (Source: FGD & KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Tube well water is safe, pure and germ-free, so treatment is not necessary.

“Although germ containing or polluted water needed treatment before use, since the respondents from both registered and new camp drink tube well water, it is not necessary to treat the water.Tube well water is safe, pure and germ-free (Source: FGD and KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, 16% of male-headed households and 40% of female-headed household members think lights around critical infrastructure will improve their safety and security.

“About 16% male-headed households and 40% of female-headed household members think that lights around critical infrastructure will improve their safety and security in the registered camp.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In both registered and new camps, the first priority need is access to food, followed by fuel, and the last priority need is access to income-generating activities or employment.

“With regard to the top priorities of family members staying both at the registered and new camps, first priority need is access to food followed by fuel and last priority need is access to income-generating activities or employment (Table 10).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, about 69% of male-headed households and 5% of female-headed households prioritized access to civil documentation, compared with more than 60% among new arrivals.

“In the registered camp, about 69% among male-headed households and 5% among female-headed households gave priority on the access to civil documentation compared to more than 60% among new arrivals (Table 6).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Rohingyas use tube wells, but 21% need repair.

“Rohingyas are using tube wells but 21 percent need to be repaired.”

May combine two claims.

Women can share their feelings and consult at WFS or CFS as they get family and community support and facility to engage in different voluntary work.

“Women can share their feelings and do a consultation at WFS or CFS as they get family and community support and facility to engage in different voluntary work (Source: FGDs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Women conduct GBV/SGBV awareness sessions as volunteers and participants, and case management for survival support is available at camp level.

“Women conduct an awareness session on GBV or SGBV as volunteers as well as the participant where case Management for survival support is available at camp level.”

May combine two claims.

Poor sanitation and lack of cleanliness are among the greatest concerns in the camps.

“One of the greatest concerns is the poor sanitation and absence of cleanliness in camps.”

May combine two claims.

Most refugees are affected or frightened by less access to civil documentation, family separation, harassment of girls, and lack of light in the camp.

“most of the refugee is affected or frightened due to less access to civil documentation, separation from family, different forms of harassment of girls and lack of light in the camp.”

May combine two claims.

On average, each refugee lives in 9.5 square meters, while the Sphere standard is 30 square meters excluding gardening.

“On average, every refugee is living in a space of 9.5 square meters (sq.m) when the standard housing space according to Sphere should be 30 sq. meter excluding gardening in camp condition.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The Sphere standard of 30 square meters per person is an appropriate benchmark for assessing camp housing conditions.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Women are mostly responsible for collecting firewood, and during firewood collection from the jungle there is always a risk of wild animals, especially elephants.

“Women are mostly responsible to collect fuel woods and during the collection of firewood from the jungle, there is always the risk of wild animals especially elephants.”

May combine two claims.

The majority of refugees in camps in Chittagong and Cox's Bazar are highly vulnerable to catastrophic events, and poor water and sanitation make the camps defenseless against storms and flooding.

“majority of the refugee's inhabitants in camps of Chittagong and Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh are identified as highly vulnerable to cataclysmic events where poor water and sanitation situation has rendered the camp as defenseless against the effects of the storm and flooding.”

May combine two claims.

Camp living conditions are unhealthy due to congestion, indoor cooking, poor shelters with air-impermeable plastic sheets, and poor indoor air quality, which increase respiratory diseases, measles, and tuberculosis.

“a living condition in the camp can describe as unhealthy due to congestion, indoor cooking hones, and imperfect safe houses built with air-impermeable plastic sheets, poor indoor air quality, etc. are increasing different types of irresistible illnesses, for example, intense respiratory diseases, measles, and tuberculosis inside the camps.”

May combine two claims.

Women and girls wait a long time in the same queue with men to use latrines, which is unhealthy.

“Women and girls have to wait a long time in the same queue with men to use the latrine which is not healthy.”

May combine two claims.

Shelters soak with water during rain, and the area is landslide prone.

“During rain, water soaks in it and also the area is landslide prone.”

May combine two claims.

Women who migrated alone or with children after losing their husband or male guardian cannot move from their shelter to manage a livelihood, with religious belief also acting as a barrier.

“Those women migrated from Myanmar alone or with children after losing their husband and male guardian of the family, they can't move anywhere from their shelter to manage any livelihood where religious belief also working as a barrier too.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

New arrival camps have a limited number of latrines without locks and enough lights, and toilets are overcrowded.

“There are a limited number of latrines in the new arrival camps without locks and enough lights.Toilets are overcrowded.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Old arrivals in registered camps pay no money for shelter, and new camps also require no payment because the land is government property.

“The old arrivals in the registered camp do not need to pay any money for their shelter since their arrival in the camp.This trend is also noticeable in the newly established camp since the land they live on is government property.”

May combine two claims.

Government restrictions on livelihood interventions exist in the camp, and women are most vulnerable to these restrictions.

“there is government restriction on livelihood interventions and women are most vulnerable to this.”

May combine two claims.

Local family planning experts have launched a drive to provide contraception to control the increasing rate of new births in camps, but refugees feel hesitant to use birth control mechanisms such as vasectomies for men and tubectomies for women.

“To control the increasing rate of new birth in camps, local family arranging experts have propelled a drive to give contraception, but they feel hesitant to use any birth control mechanism e.g.dispatch vasectomies for Rohingya men and tubectomies for women.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

Both male- and female-headed family members in the registered and new camps are indifferent to leaving their present shelter; registered refugees are not interested in leaving the country, while new arrivals are interested in returning to Myanmar if they get citizenship.

“Both male and the female-headed family members are registered and the new camp is indifferent to leave their present shelter.Moreover, the registered refugees are not interested to leave the country whereas the new arrivals are interested to return to Myanmar if they get citizenship (Source: FGD & KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The three selected camps (1W, 3, and KRC) are representative of the 22 camps in Kutupalong for assessing the status of Rohingya refugees.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Self-reported information from household interviews, FGDs, KIIs, and case studies accurately reflects the conditions and experiences of the refugee population.

May combine two claims.

New arrivals have no such school facility; most boys go to Madrassas and temporary learning centers for schooling.

“On the contrary, new arrivals have no such type of school facility.Most of the boys go to the Madrassas and temporary learning center for their schooling.”

May combine two claims.

Food is one of the main items on which money is spent in Kutupalong camp for both registered and new arrivals, and single mothers, children, and orphans suffer due to less access to food and other necessary supports.

“Among the various forms of items for which money spent in Kutupalong camp, food is one of the main issues for both of the registered and new arrivals refugees where single mother, children, and orphan are suffering due to less access to food and other necessary supports.”

May combine two claims.

Women's participation in camp activities and leadership roles exists at camp level, including in the local government system and informal Majhi structure, where a limited number of women are members of the Majhi, SUV, and other social committees.

“women's participation in camp activities and leadership roles exists at camp level, i.e. participating in local government system in camp level and informal Majhi structure where a limited number of women are members of the Majhi, SUV and other social committees.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In registered camps, refugees are considered registered refugees, while new arrivals are considered Myanmar nationals.

“In registered camp, refugee considers as a registered refugee while new arrival considers as Myanmar nationality.”

May combine two claims.

Respondents reported that family members in registered and new camps received NFI kits since arriving in Bangladesh; new arrivals get NFIs from different organizations along with UNHCR, while registered refugees get NFI only from UNHCR.

“it was reported by the respondents that family members from registered and new camp got NFI kit since arriving in Bangladesh.However new arrivals are getting NFIs from the different organization along with UNHCR but registered refugee gets only NFI from UNHCR (Source: FGD & KII).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The respondents' reports in focus group discussions and key informant interviews accurately reflect the conditions and experiences of the camp population.

May combine two claims.

Women and adolescent girls face threats from trafficking and bonded labor, and long distances to public facilities such as schools, distribution centers, camp management offices, clinics, and communal toilets.

“Women and adolescence girls have threats because of trafficking and bonded labor where the long distance to public facilities e.g.schools, distribution centers, camp management offices, and the clinic as well as the communal toilets also (Source: KIIs).”

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, most boys attended primary school, and a similar learning trend was found in the new arrival camp.

“In the registered camp, most of the boys attended the primary schools wherein the new arrival camp, similar learning trend was found for education.”

May combine two claims.

Men are mostly idle and frustrated in the camp, leading to domestic violence against women; women-headed households and unaccompanied children are most vulnerable to sexual and labor exploitation.

“As the men are mostly idle and do not have many activities to do in the camp, they are frustrated and women are being subjected to domestic violence women-headed households and unaccompanied children are the most vulnerable to the risk of sexual and labor exploitation.”

May combine two claims.

Women and girls face risks of fire, landslides, monsoon, and cyclone, and lack of knowledge on human rights, GBV, and SGBV, and lack of services increase their vulnerability in the camp.

“women and girls also face risks of fire, landslides, monsoon, and cyclone where lack of knowledge on human rights, gender-based violence, and sexual and gender-based violence, and lack of services also increase the vulnerability of girls and women in the camp.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Women-headed households and unaccompanied children are the most vulnerable to the risk of sexual and labor exploitation.

“Women headed households and unaccompanied children are the most vulnerable to the risk of sexual and labor exploitation.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Refugees are concentrated in a cyclonic zone, and CGI sheets are widely used as housing material with insufficient ventilation, causing health problems especially for women.

“as refugees are concentrated in the cyclonic zone, despite using CGI sheet as housing materials, CGI sheets are rampantly used in these camps where there is not enough ventilation system which causes different health-related problems, especially to women.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Most members of the protection emergency response units (PERU) and mobile protection teams of the Protection Sector are women and are well trained in basic first aid, psychological first aid, and emergency protection response.

“Most of the members in the protection emergency response units (PERU) and mobile protection teams of the Protection Sector are women and are well trained in basic first aid, psychological first aid and emergency protection response.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Humanitarian agencies are providing LPG stoves to refugee and local families to reduce reliance on firewood, prevent deforestation, and allow forest rehabilitation.

“To reduce reliance on firewood for fuel, prevent further deforestation and allow forest rehabilitation to be carried out, humanitarian agencies are simultaneously providing LPG stoves to refugee and local families in the area.”

May combine two claims.

In the registered camp, old arrivals' children can enroll in local public primary school, and almost all go to school for primary education.

“In registered camp, as old arrivals are living for many years, their children have the facility to enroll themselves in local public primary school.Almost all of them go to school for their primary education.”

May combine two claims.

Cash for work activities exist, but most women do not participate because of the burden of household work.

“While there is currently Cash for work activities, most women are not taking part because of the burden of work at the household level.”

May combine two claims.

Refugees use SIM cards mostly to communicate, but men think women have limited reasons to use mobile phones in camp.

“SIM card in Bangladesh and they use in most of the cases to communicate others but men think that women have limited reasons to use a mobile phone in Camp (Source: FGDs and KIIs).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The respondents' reports in focus group discussions and key informant interviews accurately reflect the conditions and experiences of the camp population.

May combine two claims.

Domestic abuse and sexual harassment are ongoing problems in the camps.

“Issues like domestic abuse and sexual harassment are ongoing problems in the camps.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

There are one million people in the camp living in a very crowded environment.

“There are one million people in the camp live in a very crowded environment.”

May combine two claims.

The majority of respondents in both camps have their own SIM card and mobile, but female-headed households have less access.

“Although the majority of the respondents in both types of camps have their own SIM card and mobile where female-headed household have less access.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Risks of hampering access to basic human rights, GBV, and SGBV are observed in camps.

“risks of hampering of access to basic human rights, GBV, SGBV is observed in camps.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A language barrier hinders refugees' access to humanitarian assistance, but they communicate among themselves.

“Although a language barrier is barriers for refugees with other humanitarian assistance in the camp, they are used to communicate among them.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

Freedom of mobility is one of the biggest problems faced by adolescent girls.

“Freedom of mobility is one of the biggest problems that adolescent girls are faced.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Some women participate in various activities such as health workers, hygiene promoters, and women volunteers for door-to-door surveys.

“some women are participating in various activities i.e. health workers, hygiene promoter, women volunteers for door to door surveys.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The crisis seriously affects women, girls, older persons, persons with disabilities, children, adolescents, female-headed households, single women, single parents, religious minorities, and persons of diverse gender identities and sexual orientations, who are considered most vulnerable to gender-based violence.

“This report also stated that crisis condition seriously affects women, girls, and older persons, a person with disabilities, children, adolescents, female-headed households, single women, single parents, religious minorities, persons of diverse gender identities and sexual orientations are considered as a most vulnerable group of people to different forms of gender-based violence.”

• cites [3] 3. ISCG (2017) Gender Profile #1 for Rohingya Refugee Crisis Response-Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (as of 3 December 2017). Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/gender-profile-1-rohingya-refugee-crisis-res ponse-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh-3Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to the ISCG Gender Profile No.1 2017, about 52% of the Rohingya refugee population is women and girls, 55% of the working-age population (18-59) is female, and overall 80% of the Rohingya population is women and children.

“According to the Inter-Sector Coordination Group (ISCG) report on Gender Profile No.1, 2017,”

• cites [3] 3. ISCG (2017) Gender Profile #1 for Rohingya Refugee Crisis Response-Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (as of 3 December 2017). Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/gender-profile-1-rohingya-refugee-crisis-res ponse-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh-3Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Refugees arriving in Bangladesh since late August 2017 had few resources and depended on humanitarian aid for food, clothing, water, and sanitation.

“The refugees, who have reached in Bangladesh since 25 th August of 2017, arrived with very few resources.They are now dependent on humanitarian assistance for all kinds of life maintaining needs including food, clothes, water and sanitation facilities, etc. [1].”

• cites [1] 1. ISCG (2017) ISCG Situation Report: Rohingya Refugee Crisis, Cox's Bazar-17 De- cember 2017. Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/iscg-situation-report-rohingya-refugee-crisi s-cox-s-bazar-17-december-2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The Rohingya refugee influx into Bangladesh began on 25 August 2017 because of violence in Rakhine State, Myanmar.

May combine two claims.

Women and girls are most vulnerable and face barriers to accessing relief, making a gender-friendly camp environment important for equitable access to humanitarian assistance.

“Women and girls are most vulnerable as they also face barriers to access to relief where it is important to ensure gender friendly environment in a refugee camp in the perspective of getting equitable access to all forms of humanitarian assistance [3].”

• cites [3] 3. ISCG (2017) Gender Profile #1 for Rohingya Refugee Crisis Response-Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (as of 3 December 2017). Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/gender-profile-1-rohingya-refugee-crisis-res ponse-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh-3Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to UNHCR population information as of 18 March, a total of 869,994 refugees came to Bangladesh from Myanmar in different periods, of whom only 33,784 (4%) are registered and 836,210 are treated as Myanmar nationality.

“According to population information graphic of UNHCR as of 18 th March, a total of 8, 69, 994 refugees came to Bangladesh from Myanmar in different periods where only 33,784 are registered (only 4%) and rest 836,210 are treated as Myanmar nationality [14].”

• cites [14] 14. UNHCR (2018) Bangladesh Refugee Emergency-Population Infographic (as of 18 March 2018). UNHCR-The UN Refugee Agency.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

More than three-quarters of the refugees in the camp are women and children, who are most vulnerable and unsecured due to severe crowding and squalor related to food, space, nutrition, and water and sanitation.

“As consequence, more than three-quarters of the refugees in the camp are women and children where they are most vulnerable and unsecured due to severe crowding and squalor because of food, space, nutrition, and water and sanitation status [4].”

• cites [4] 4. UNHCR (2018) Myanmar Refugee Emergency Response in Bangladesh. Supple- mentary Appeal, March-December 2018. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Several studies have been conducted on Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, but research on the present condition of Rohingya refugees from different socio-economic statuses, including safety and security aspects of gender groups, is not available.

“There are several studies conducted on Rohingya refugees of Bangladesh [6]- [13] but research work present condition of Rohingya refugees in the perspective of different socio-economic status including safety and security aspects of gender groups is not available.”

• cites [6]- [13]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to ISCG (2017a), 4% of arrivals had serious medical conditions, 4% were older persons at risk, and the percentages of persons with disabilities, child-headed households, older persons with a child, separated children, unaccompanied children, single fathers, and male-headed households were 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, and 84, respectively.

“Moreover, according to ISCG, (2017a), 4% of the people arrived with serious medical condition and risk of older persons was also 4%.On the other hand, percentage (%) of a person with disabilities, child-headed household, an older person with a child, separated children, unaccompanied children, single fathers, and male headed-households is 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1 and 84, respectively [3].”

• cites [3] 3. ISCG (2017) Gender Profile #1 for Rohingya Refugee Crisis Response-Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (as of 3 December 2017). Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/gender-profile-1-rohingya-refugee-crisis-res ponse-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh-3Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Since 25 August 2017, about 693,000 Rohingya refugees reached Bangladesh due to violence in Rakhine State, Myanmar; 52% are women and girls, 55% of working-age (18-59) are female, and 11% are single mothers.

“Since 25 August 2017, due to violence against the Rohingya people in Rakhine State, Myanmar, about 693,000 Rohingya refugees have reached where 52 percent of refugees are women and girls.Furthermore, 55 percent are female among the population of working age (age 18 -59).In addition, 11 percent spotted as a single mother [3] [5].”

• cites [3] 3. ISCG (2017) Gender Profile #1 for Rohingya Refugee Crisis Response-Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (as of 3 December 2017). Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/gender-profile-1-rohingya-refugee-crisis-res ponse-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh-3Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [5] 5. ISCG (2018) JRP for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis: March-December 2018. Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/jrp-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-march-de cember-2018-0Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

There is a serious risk of outbreaks of water-borne diseases, diarrhea, and possibly cholera.

“There is a serious danger of flare-ups of water-borne sicknesses, looseness of the bowels and possibly cholera.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

About 55% of children under 15 have been immunized, but >95% coverage is needed for herd immunity, so the campaign must continue and expand.

“About 55 percent of children under 15 years old have been immunized [20], yet to accomplish the > 95% inclusion required for group invulnerability, the inoculation crusade must be proceeded and extended.”

• cites [20] 20. IOM (2017) Rohingya Children Drown Fleeing Myanmar Violence: IOM. Interna- tional Organization for Migration, Grand-Saconnex. https://www.iom.int/news/rohingya-children-drown-fleeing-myanmar-violence-io mNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

UNHCR reported that camp health services are well-equipped with clinics, refugees have access to initial free health care, and doctors can refer them to specialists in Cox's Bazar and Chittagong.

“a report of the UNHCR stated that in camp, health service is well-equipped with clinics and refugees have access to an initial part of free health care where doctors also can refer them to specialists in city area e.g.Cox's Bazar and Chittagong for further treatment [6].”

• cites [6] 6. Kiragu, E., Rosi, A.L. and Morris, T. (2011) States of Denial: A Review of UNHCR's S. Karin et al. DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105831 21 Open Access Library Journal Response to the Protracted Situation of Stateless Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Policy Dev. Eval. Serv. UNHCR.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

New camps, settlements, and the host community in Teknaf are underserved compared to Ukhiya, where there is a lack of beds for patients.

“New camps, settlements, and the host network in Teknaf remain underserved in contrast with Ukhiya where there is a lack of beds for patients [5].”

• cites [5] 5. ISCG (2018) JRP for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis: March-December 2018. Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/jrp-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-march-de cember-2018-0Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

WHO reported that acute respiratory disease is the leading cause of death in the Cox's Bazar camp population (28%) and among children under 5 (38%).

“A report of WHO stated that an intense respiratory disease has remained the essential driver of death for the camp populace living in Cox's Bazar (28%) and for kids under 5 years old (38%) [15].”

• cites [15] 15. WHO (2015) The Global Strategy for Women's, WHO, 2015. The Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-2030). World Health Or- ganization, Geneva.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The UN started an immunization program to prevent a cholera epidemic, while measles and suspected diphtheria cases are observed in the camp region.

“The UN started an immunization program to maintain a strategic distance from a cholera pestilence [18] where measles and suspected diphtheria cases are observed in the camp region [15].”

• cites [18] 18. RCI (2019) Final Report of Inquiry Commission on Sectarian Violence in Rakhine State. Rakhine Commission of Inquiry. Republic of the Union of Myanmar.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [15] 15. WHO (2015) The Global Strategy for Women's, WHO, 2015. The Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-2030). World Health Or- ganization, Geneva.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In November 2017, there was one measles death and 412 suspected measles cases, with 82% of cases in children under 5.

“Specifically, one demise from measles and 412 presumed measles cases was accounted for in November 2017, with 82% of cases happening in youngsters under 5 years old.”

• cites [15] 15. WHO (2015) The Global Strategy for Women's, WHO, 2015. The Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-2030). World Health Or- ganization, Geneva.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

There is limited separate communal bathing space for men and children, while women must bathe inside tiny living spaces with insufficient water.

“there is limited and separate communal bathing space for men and children while women have to bath inside the tiny living space allocated for them with insufficient water facilities [21].”

• cites [21] 21. UNHCR (2018) Bangladesh Refugee Emergency Monthly Camp Profile: Kutupa- long RC (September 2018). UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency, Geneva. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/search?country=&situation%5B%5D=34&text=&type%5 B%5D=document&partner=&sector=&date_from=01-09-2018&date_to=30-09-201 8&country_json=%7B%220%22%3A%22%22%7D&sector_json=%7B%220%22%3A %22%22%7D&apply=Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Women and girls collect water from nearby tube wells, but in summer the water table drops and pumping is difficult; water and sanitation facilities are daily stressors, with 75% and 55% of respondents replying positively, respectively.

“women and girls collect water from the nearby tube well but in summer the water table goes down and difficult to pump where water and sanitation facilities are also identified as daily stressors where 75% and 55% of the respondents replied positively, respectively [12].”

• cites [12] 12. Riley, A., Varner, A., Ventevogel, P., Taimur, M.M.H. and Welton-Mitchell, C. (2017) Daily Stressors, Trauma Exposure, and Mental Health among Stateless Ro- hingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54, 304-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461517705571 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

New arrivals live in shelters made of tarpaulin and bamboo, while old arrivals mostly live in rooms made of mud-wall, CGI walls, bamboo fence, or brick walls with tarpaulin and CGI rooftop.

“a study also discussed that new arrivals are living in a shelter made of tarpaulin and bamboo where old arrivals are mostly living in rooms made of mud-wall, CGI walls, a bamboo fence or even brick walls with tarpaulin and CGI rooftop [17].”

• cites [17] 17. Sphere (2018) Annual Report 2018. Sphere, spherestandards.org. sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

About 59 percent of the population in the camp is children, and more than half of the children were born in Bangladesh.

“Moreover, from another research it is found that about 59 percent of the population in camp is children and about more than half of the children born in Bangladesh [6].”

• cites [6] 6. Kiragu, E., Rosi, A.L. and Morris, T. (2011) States of Denial: A Review of UNHCR's S. Karin et al. DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105831 21 Open Access Library Journal Response to the Protracted Situation of Stateless Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Policy Dev. Eval. Serv. UNHCR.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

A study on Rohingya in Cox's Bazar found that refugees started using contraceptives, but all individuals trusted that contraception was a great sin because it was restricted by Allah.

“A study on Rohingya in Cox Bazar conducted also identified that, refugees are started using contraceptives where all of the individuals trusted that anti-conception medication was an awesome sin since it was restricted by the Almighty Allah [13].”

• cites [13] 13. Ullah, A.A. (2011) Rohingya Refugees to Bangladesh: Historical Exclusions and Contemporary Marginalization. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 9, 139-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2011.567149 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Rohingya people have less experience with cyclones and do not understand the meaning of cyclonic signal flags, and there are no cyclone shelters in the camps.

“Though Rohingya people have less experience of the cyclone so that they do not understand the meaning of flags of the cyclonic signal.Still, there are no cyclone shelters found in camps [5].”

• cites [5] 5. ISCG (2018) JRP for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis: March-December 2018. Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/jrp-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-march-de cember-2018-0Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Registered refugees receive food aid including rice, cooking oil, and lentils through e-vouchers, while new arrivals receive similar items and quantity from General Food Distribution points.

“registered refugees are receiving food aid that includes rice, cooking oil and lentils through e-voucher.New arrivals are receiving food aid of similar items and quantity from the General Food Distribution points (GFD) [22].”

• cites [22] 22. Chandan, M.S.K. (2018) Evicted from Rakhine, Trafficked in Cox's Bazar, Star Weekend. The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/star-weekend/life-goes/evicted-rakhine-trafficke d-coxs-bazar-1627594Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Rohingya have very limited access to secondary and higher education and other public services in Bangladesh.

“the Rohingya also have very defined entry to second-ary and higher education as well as other available public services in Bangladesh [6].”

• cites [6] 6. Kiragu, E., Rosi, A.L. and Morris, T. (2011) States of Denial: A Review of UNHCR's S. Karin et al. DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105831 21 Open Access Library Journal Response to the Protracted Situation of Stateless Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Policy Dev. Eval. Serv. UNHCR.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Most Rohingya cannot read or write and cannot easily understand humanitarian messages in posters.

“not only that most Rohingya cannot read and write but also cannot easily understand the humanitarian messages in the posters [5].”

• cites [5] 5. ISCG (2018) JRP for Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis: March-December 2018. Inter Sector Coordination Group. https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/jrp-rohingya-humanitarian-crisis-march-de cember-2018-0Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A study identified daily stressors for the security of girls and women, including ability to move freely, fair access to services, safety/protection, harassment by locals, feeling humiliated or disrespected, and harassment by police or security forces, with a significant number of respondents reporting positive responses.

“In a study it is also identified that, several numbers of daily stresses in the perspective of security of girls and women e.g.ability to move about freely, fair access to services, safety or protection, harassment by locals, feeling humiliated or disrespected, harassment by police or security forces etc. where significant number of respondents identified with positive responses [12].”

• cites [12] 12. Riley, A., Varner, A., Ventevogel, P., Taimur, M.M.H. and Welton-Mitchell, C. (2017) Daily Stressors, Trauma Exposure, and Mental Health among Stateless Ro- hingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54, 304-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461517705571 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

UNHCR provides services in education software, English language, typing, and mobile repairing training, but a large portion of refugees use mobile internet illegally.

“Although UNHCR is trying to provide service regarding education software, English language, typing, mobile repairing training but a large portion of the refugees are using mobile internet illegally [6].”

• cites [6] 6. Kiragu, E., Rosi, A.L. and Morris, T. (2011) States of Denial: A Review of UNHCR's S. Karin et al. DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105831 21 Open Access Library Journal Response to the Protracted Situation of Stateless Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Policy Dev. Eval. Serv. UNHCR.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.