Antibody Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and Prospective Risk of Plasmodium spp. Infection Postpartum
Open accessAbstract
Postpartum women may have an altered susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The relationship between naturally acquired malarial immunity and susceptibility to malaria postpartum is yet to be determined. IgG levels were measured against P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens from delivery in 201 postpartum and 201 nonpregnant controls over 12 weeks. Associations between time-varying antibody levels and time to first microscopically confirmed species-specific infection were determined by Cox regression. Associations between antibody levels and prospective risk of Plasmodium infection were similar in postpartum and control women. A 2-fold increase in P. falciparum antibody levels was associated with increased prospective risk of P. falciparum infection (hazard ratio [HR] range = 1.37–1.94). Antibody levels against most P. vivax antigens displayed no association with prospective risk of P. vivax infection (HR range = 1.02–1.05) with the exception of Pv MSP1 19 antibodies that were weakly associated with prospective risk of P. vivax infection (HR = 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.28) per 2-fold increase in levels). Associations between antibody levels and prospective risk of infection attenuated when adjusted for documented retrospective exposure. Serology may be a useful tool to predict and monitor women at increased risk of P. falciparum infection postpartum, particularly in the absence of a detailed history of retrospective infections.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These knobs express PfEMP1, enabling infected cells to adhere to receptors on the capillary and venous endothelium, a process known as sequestration.
“These knobs express an adhesive protein called P.falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), enabling the infected cells to adhere to receptors on the capillary and venous endothelium, a process known as sequestration.”
From Current update on malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [93]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says PfEMP1 is the predominant antigen on the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and that a PfEMP1 variant mediates placental sequestration through adherence. It does not mention knobs or establish adhesion to receptors on capillary and venous endothelium. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSequestration and rosette formation impair the spleen's ability to effectively clear infected erythrocytes, ultimately leading to organ dysfunction.
“This sequestration and the formation of “rosettes” (the adherence of infected erythrocytes to uninfected cells) impair the spleen's ability to effectively clear the infected erythrocytes, ultimately leading to organ dysfunction [92, 93].”
From Current update on malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [93]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says that a parasite protein mediates sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the placenta. It does not discuss rosette formation, impaired splenic clearance, or organ dysfunction, so it supports only the sequestration element of the cited sentence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Parasites
Moody, A. (2002) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.15.1.66-78.2002 · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
Gamma-Globulin and Acquired Immunity to Human Malaria
Cohen, S., McGregor, I. A., & CARRINGTON, S. (1961) · Nature · doi:10.1038/192733a0 · Cited by 1,401 · see citing works
Doolan, D. L., Dobaño, C., & Baird, J. K. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00025-08 · Cited by 1,308 · see citing works
Blows, F. M., Driver, K. E., Schmidt, M. K., Broeks, A., van Leeuwen, F. E., Wesseling, J., Cheang, M. C. U., Gelmon, K. A., Nielsen, T. O., BLOMQVIST, C. P., et al. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000279 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Adherence of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> to Chondroitin Sulfate A in the Human Placenta
Fried, M., & Duffy, P. E. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5267.1502 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Salanti, A., Staalsoe, T., Lavstsen, T., Jensen, A. T. R., Sowa, M. P. K., Arnot, D. E., Hviid, L., & Theander, T. G. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03570.x · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Parasitologic and Clinical Human Response to Immunoglobulin Administration in Falciparum Malaria
Sabchareon, A., Burnouf, T. P. R., Ouattara, D., Attanath, P., Bouharoun‐Tayoun, H., Chantavanich, P., Foucault, C., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T., & Druilhe, P. (1991) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.297 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Quantifying the Number of Pregnancies at Risk of Malaria in 2007: A Demographic Study
Dellicour, S., Tatem, A. J., Guerra, C. A., Snow, R. W., & ter Kuile, F. O. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000221 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Osier, F. H. A., Fegan, G., Polley, S. D., Murungi, L., Verra, F., Tetteh, K. K. A., Lowe, B. S., Mwangi, T., Bull, P. C., Thomas, A. W., et al. (2008) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01585-07 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Fowkes, F. J. I., Richards, J. S., Simpson, J. A., & Beeson, J. G. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000218 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationRobinson, L. J., Wampfler, R., Betuela, I., Karl, S., White, M. T., Suen, C. S. N. L. W., Hofmann, N., Kinboro, B., Waltmann, A., Brewster, J., et al. (2015) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001891 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Richards, J. S., Arumugam, T. U., Reiling, L., Healer, J., Hodder, A. N., Fowkes, F. J. I., Cross, N., Langer, C., Takeo, S., Uboldi, A. D., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300778 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationDemonstration of Hypnozoites in Sporozoite-Transmitted Plasmodium vivax Infection
Krotoski, W. A., Collins, W. E., Bray, R. S., et al. (1982) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.1291 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Targets of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes in malaria immunity
Chan, J.-A., Howell, K. B., Reiling, L., Ataíde, R., Mackintosh, C. L., Fowkes, F. J. I., Petter, M., Chesson, J. M., Langer, C., Warimwe, G. M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci62182 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationRichards, J. S., Stanisic, D. I., Fowkes, F. J. I., Tavul, L., Dabod, E., Thompson, J. K., Kumar, S., Chitnis, C. E., Narum, D. L., Michon, P., et al. (2010) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/656413 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction to causal diagrams for confounder selection
Williamson, E., Aitken, Z., Lawrie, J., Dharmage, S. C., Burgess, J. A., & Forbes, A. B. (2014) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.12238 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Increased Susceptibility to Malaria during the Early Postpartum Period
Diagne, N., Rogier, C., Sokhna, C. S., Tall, A., Fontenille, D., Roussilhon, C., Spiegel, A., & Trape, J. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200008313430901 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Stanisic, D. I., Fowkes, F. J. I., Koinari, M., Javati, S., Lin, E., Kiniboro, B., Richards, J. S., Robinson, L. J., Schofield, L., Kazura, J. W., et al. (2015) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.02398-14 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationTjitra, E., Baker, J., Suprianto, S., et al. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.12.3947-3953.2002 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Betuela, I., Rosanas‐Urgell, A., Kiniboro, B., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jis580 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Bejon, P., Warimwe, G. M., Mackintosh, C. L., Mackinnon, M. J., Kinyanjui, S., Musyoki, J., Bull, P. C., & Marsh, K. (2009) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01358-08 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Greenhouse, B., Ho, B. M., Hubbard, A., Njama‐Meya, D., Narum, D. L., Lanar, D. E., Dutta, S., Rosenthal, P. J., Dorsey, G., & John, C. C. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir223 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Villegas, L., McGready, R. M., Htway, M., Paw, M. K., Pimanpanarak, M., Arunjerdja, R., Viladpai-nguen, J., Greenwood, B. M., White, N. J., & Nosten, F. H. (2007) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01778.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationMurungi, L., Kamuyu, G., Lowe, B. S., Bejon, P., Theisen, M., Kinyanjui, S., Marsh, K., & Osier, F. H. A. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.042 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Cutts, J. C., Powell, R., Agius, P. A., Beeson, J. G., Simpson, J. A., & Fowkes, F. J. I. (2014) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0150-1 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBejon, P., Cook, J. A., Bergmann‐Leitner, E. S., Olotu, A., Lusingu, J., Mwacharo, J. K., Vekemans, J., Njuguna, P., Leach, A. J., Lievens, M., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir222 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Rono, J., Osier, F. H. A., Olsson, D., et al. (2013) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cit556 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Elliott, S. R., Fowkes, F. J. I., Richards, J. S., Reiling, L., Drew, D. R., & Beeson, J. G. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-100 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMalaria and immunity during pregnancy and postpartum: a tale of two species
McLean, A. R. D., Ataíde, R., Simpson, J. A., Beeson, J. G., & Fowkes, F. J. I. (2015) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182015000074 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical and Parasitological Characteristics of Puerperal Malaria
Ramharter, M., Grobusch, M. P., Kießling, G., Adégnika, A. A., Möller, U., Agnandji, S. T., Kramer, M., Schwarz, N., Kun, J. F. J., Oyakhirome, S., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/427781 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The epidemiology of postpartum malaria: a systematic review
Boel, M. E., Rijken, M. J., Brabin, B. J., Nosten, F. H., & McGready, R. M. (2012) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-114 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationMalaria in the Post-Partum Period; a Prospective Cohort Study
Boel, M. E., Rijken, M. J., Leenstra, T., Phyo, A. P., Pimanpanarak, M., Keereecharoen, L., Proux, S., Laochan, N., Imwong, M., Singhasivanon, P., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057890 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMcLean, A. R. D., Boel, M. E., McGready, R. M., Ataíde, R., Drew, D. R., Tsuboi, T., Beeson, J. G., Nosten, F. H., Simpson, J. A., & Fowkes, F. J. I. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32159 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Current update on malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review
Minwuyelet, A., Yewhalaw, D., Siferih, M., & Atenafu, G. (2025) · Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines · doi:10.1186/s40794-025-00248-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: the SMRU Refugee and Migrant Pregnancy Study in Western Thailand and Eastern Myanmar
McGready, R., J White, N., Nosten, F. H., & Collaborators, S. R. A. M. P. S. (2026) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.25582.2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- McLean, A. R. D., Boel, M., McGready, R., Ataide, R., Drew, D., Tsuboi, T., Beeson, J. G., Nosten, F., Simpson, J. A., & Fowkes, F. J. I.
- Affiliations
- Burnet Institute (AU)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
- Ehime University (JP)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Fowkes, Freya J. I.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Published
- 2017-05-03
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1197-1204
- ISSN
- 0002-9637 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-1645
- PMC
- PMC5417217
- OpenAlex
- W2610947996
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Burnet Institute
- University of Oxford
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood groups and transfusion
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Keywords
- Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, antibody response, IgG, malaria susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Artesunate, Antibodies, Protozoan, Antimalarials, Chloroquine, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Pregnancy, Risk, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Mefloquine, Proportional Hazards Models, Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria, Vivax, Parasitemia, Merozoite Surface Protein 1, Parturition, Artemisinins, Adaptive Immunity, Disease Resistance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
