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Cited by 1,418Malaria Research and ControlBiosensors and Analytical DetectionBacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing

Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Parasites

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Moody, Anthony·2002·Clinical Microbiology Reviews
DOI 10.1128/cmr.15.1.66-78.2002PMC PMC118060
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Abstract

SUMMARY: Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge to laboratories in most countries. Endemic malaria, population movements, and travelers all contribute to presenting the laboratory with diagnostic problems for which it may have little expertise available. Drug resistance and genetic variation has altered many accepted morphological appearances of malaria species, and new technology has given an opportunity to review available procedures. Concurrently the World Health Organization has opened a dialogue with scientists, clinicians, and manufacturers on the realistic possibilities for developing accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, capable of detecting 100 parasites/μl from all species and with a semiquantitative measurement for monitoring successful drug treatment. New technology has to be compared with an accepted Rgold standardS that makes comparisons of sensitivity and specificity between different methods. The majority of malaria is found in countries where cost-effectiveness is an important factor and ease of performance and training is a major consideration. Most new technology for malaria diagnosis incorporates immunochromatographic capture procedures, with conjugated monoclonal antibodies providing the indicator of infection. Preferred targeted antigens are those which are abundant in all asexual and sexual stages of the parasite and are currently centered on detection of HRP-2 from Plasmodium falciparum and parasite-specific lactate dehydrogenase or Plasmodium aldolase from the parasite glycolytic pathway found in all species. Clinical studies allow effective comparisons between different formats, and the reality of nonmicroscopic diagnoses of malaria is considered.

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  • Immunochromatographic assays based on antigen detection are relatively insensitive in cases of low parasitemia.

    “Immunochromatographic assays based on antigen detection have been developed but are also relatively insensitive in cases of low parasitemia (22, 24, 30).”

    From Real-Time PCR for Detection and Identification of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp (2005) · cites this paper as [22]

  • Antigenemia may persist weeks beyond the actual infection, leading to the false diagnosis of malaria parasitemia.

    “In addition, antigenemia may persist weeks beyond the actual infection, leading to the false diagnosis of malaria parasitemia (6, 22).”

    From Real-Time PCR for Detection and Identification of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp (2005) · cites this paper as [22]

  • The persistence of Plasmodium DNA is less than the persistent antigenemia reported with immunochromatographic assays.

    “However, this persistence of Plasmodium DNA is still less than the persistent antigenemia reported with immunochromatographic assays (6, 22).”

    From Real-Time PCR for Detection and Identification of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp (2005) · cites this paper as [22]

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Research works printed but not linked: 26

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Authors
Moody, A.
Affiliations
Hospital for Tropical Diseases (GB)
Corresponding author
Moody, Anthony
Venue
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
2002-01
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
66-78
ISSN
  • 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-6618
DOI
10.1128/cmr.15.1.66-78.2002
PMC
PMC118060
OpenAlex
W2121049991
Cited by
1,418
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 38 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 77
FWCI
6.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Keywords
malaria diagnosis, rapid diagnostic tests, Plasmodium falciparum, HRP-2, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, lateral flow immunoassay, monoclonal antibodies, drug resistance, cost-effectiveness, gold standard comparison
MeSH terms
Animals, Antigens, Protozoan, Humans, Malaria, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Parasitology, Plasmodium, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Serologic Tests, Time Factors, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Parasitemia

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