Impact of recess interventions on children's physical activity-a meta-analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to explore the effect of recess interventions on children's physical activity (PA) levels and to examine which specific interventions/characteristics have more influence on children's PA. DATA SOURCE: Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, ProQuest, SPORT Discus. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Papers published between 1986 and 2012, published in the English language, and evaluating any recess intervention with PA as an outcome. DATA EXTRACTION: Study outcomes were distilled into seven domains related to PA: age, gender, intervention type, intervention duration, duration of PA per intervention session, outcome measures, and study region. DATA SYNTHESIS: Effect sizes were pooled within and across studies for each domain separately. Moderator analyses were performed using gender, age, and total length of intervention. Twenty-three independent samples were provided from 13 studies. RESULTS: The estimated overall effect size for time in PA was .56 (SE .07), suggesting a positive and significant mean difference between pretest and posttest PA time after implementing a recess intervention. Differences in PA levels were moderated by age, duration and type of intervention, and type of outcome measures. CONCLUSION. The limited evidence suggests recess interventions can improve youth PA levels. Implications reinforce the importance of schools in advocating for recess during the school day. Strategies shown to increase student PA during recess should be implemented.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Possible reasons for the difference in findings on enhancing recess could be a reported effect that the difference in PA is moderated by age, or it could relate to the use of different time periods for the measurement of outcomes.
“Possible reasons for this difference could be a reported effect that the difference in PA is moderated by age,21 or it could relate to the use of different time periods for the measurement of outcomes (e.g., measuring effects during recess vs. during the whole day).”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
The high risk of bias due to research quality led to an inconclusive evidence rating on MVPA for enhancing recess, which differs from previous systematic reviews that have suggested interventions could lead to improvements in PA during school recess.
“Overall, the high risk of bias due to research quality led to an inconclusive evidence rating on MVPA, which differs from previous systematic reviews, which have suggested that interventions could lead to improvements in PA during school recess.21, 22, 23”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,347 · see citing works
(2000) · Cited by 9,198 · see citing works
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638 · see citing works
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
(2019) · doi:10.7758/9781610448864 · Cited by 4,553 · see citing works
Evidence Based Physical Activity for School-age Youth
Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J. R., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A. C., Must, A., Nixon, P. A., Pivarnik, J. M., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055 · Cited by 4,222 · see citing works
Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health
Lobstein, T., Baur, L., & Uauy, R. (2004) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2004.00133.x · Cited by 3,801 · see citing works
Prevalence of High Body Mass Index in US Children and Adolescents, 2007-2008
Ogden, C. L. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2012 · Cited by 3,200 · see citing works
Fixed-and random-effects models in meta-analysis.
Hedges, L. V., & Vevea, J. L. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.486 · Cited by 2,977 · see citing works
Estimation of a Single Effect Size: Parametric and Nonparametric Methods
Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985) · Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057065-5.50010-5 · Cited by 983 · see citing works
Pate (2006) · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.177052 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Metcalf, B., Henley, W., & Wilkin, T. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5888 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Lee, S. M., Burgeson, C. R., Fulton, J. E., & Spain, C. G. (2007) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00229.x · Cited by 653 · see citing works
A Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Children’s Physical Activity and Mental Health
Ahn, S., & Fedewa, A. L. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq107 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Analyzing effect sizes: Random-effects models.
Raudenbush, S. W. (2009) · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Verstraete, S. J. M., Cardon, G. M., De Clercq, D. L. R., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. M. (2006) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckl008 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Physical Activity Levels of Children during School Playtime
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., & Fairclough, S. J. (2006) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200636040-00005 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Physical activity during school recess
Ridgers, N. D., Salmon, J., Parrish, A.-M., Stanley, R. M., & Okely, A. D. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.05.019 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The effect of multicolor playground markings on children's physical activity level during recess
Stratton, G., & Mullan, E. (2005) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.07.009 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Becker, B. J. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012691360-6/50018-5 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Children's Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity during the Segmented School Day
Tudor-Locke, C. E., Lee, S. M., Morgan, C. F., Beighle, A. E., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000230212.55119.98 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., Fairclough, S. J., & Twisk, J. W. R. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.01.009 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
The Role of Recess in Children's Cognitive Performance and School Adjustment
Pellegrini, A. D., & Bohn, C. M. (2005) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x034001013 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
The Crucial Role of Recess in Schools
Ramstetter, C. L., Murray, R. D., & Garner, A. S. (2010) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00537.x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
School Recess and Group Classroom Behavior
Barros, R. M., Silver, E. J., & Stein, R. E. K. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2825 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Bundy, A. C., Luckett, T., Tranter, P., Naughton, G. A., Wyver, S. R., Ragen, J., & Spies, G. (2009) · International Journal of Early Years Education · doi:10.1080/09669760802699878 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Elder, J. P., Berry, C. C., Hoy, P. L., Nader, P. R., ZIVE, M. M., & Broyles, S. L. (1997) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10607998 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Hannon, J. C., & Brown, B. B. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.006 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Assessing physical activity during recess using accelerometry
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., & Fairclough, S. J. (2004) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.023 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Children's physical activity levels during school recess: a quasi-experimental intervention study
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., Fairclough, S. J., & Twisk, J. W. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-19 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Stratton, G. (2000) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/001401300750003961 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The effects of increasing outdoor play time on physical activity in Latino preschool children
Alhassan, S., Sirard, J. R., & Robinson, T. N. (2007) · International Journal of Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1080/17477160701520108 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Children’s Physical Activity During Recess and Outside of School
Beighle, A. E., Morgan, C. F., Masurier, G. C. L., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2006) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00151.x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Mota, J. A. P. S., Silva, P., Santos, M. P., Ribeiro, J. C., de Oliveira, J. J. F., & Duarte, J. A. (2005) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410410001730124 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The Effects of Recess Timing on Children's Playground and Classroom Behaviors
Pellegrini, A. D., Huberty, P. D., & Jones, I. (1995) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1163338 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Cardon, G., Labarque, V., Smits, D., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.013 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Tracking of Physical Activity Across the Lifespan
Malina, R. M. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e603482007-001 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Ridgers, N. D., Fairclough, S. J., & Stratton, G. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.2.167 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Ridgers, N. D., Timperio, A. F., Crawford, D. A., & Salmon, J. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2011.084921 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Ready for Recess: A Pilot Study to Increase Physical Activity in Elementary School Children
Huberty, J., Siahpush, M., Beighle, A. E., Fuhrmeister, E., Silva, P., & Welk, G. J. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00591.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The Contribution of Recess to Children’s School-Day Physical Activity
Erwin, H. E., Abel, M. G., Beighle, A. E., Noland, M. P., Worley, B., & Riggs, R. S. (2012) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.9.3.442 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Promoting physical activity during school break times: Piloting a simple, low cost intervention
Loucaides, C. A., Jago, R., & Charalambous, I. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.005 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Home and Recess Physical Activity of Hong Kong Children
Johns, D. P., & Ha, A. S. C. (1999) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1999.10608051 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Differences in Children's Recess Physical Activity: Recess Activity of the Week Intervention
Stellino, M. B., Sinclair, C. D., Partridge, J. A., & King, K. M. (2010) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00525.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Effects of Playground Markings on the Energy Expenditure of 5–7-Year-Old School Children
Stratton, G., & Leonard, J. (2002) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.14.2.170 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Playtime in the Primary School: Problems and Improvements
Blatchford, P. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Duncan, M. J., & Staples, V. (2010) · Human Movement · doi:10.2478/v10038-009-0023-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Daly-Smith, A., Quarmby, T., Archbold, V. S. J., Corrigan, N., Wilson, D., Resaland, G. K., Bartholomew, J. B., Singh, A. S., Tjomsland, H. E., Sherar, L. B., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-0917-z · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Parker, K., Uddin, R., Ridgers, N. D., Brown, H., Veitch, J., Salmon, J., Timperio, A., Sahlqvist, S., Cassar, S., Toffoletti, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/23389 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Eight Investments That Work for Physical Activity
Milton, K. E., Cavill, N., Chalkley, A. E., Foster, C. E., Gomersall, S. R., Hagströmer, M., Kelly, P., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Mair, J. L., McLaughlin, M. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0112 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Jones, M., Defever, E., Letsinger, A., Steele, J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.06.009 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“Overall, the high risk of bias due to research quality led to an inconclusive evidence rating on MVPA, which differs from previous systematic reviews, which have suggested that interventions could lead to improvements in PA during school recess.(21) 23 Possible reasons for this difference could be a reported effect th…”
ResultParrish, A., Chong, K. H., Moriarty, A. L., Batterham, M. J., & Ridgers, N. D. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01347-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Role of Physical Education Lessons and Recesses in School Lifestyle of Adolescents
Frömel, K., Svozil, Z., Chmelík, F., Jakubec, L., & Groffik, D. (2016) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12362 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Pfledderer, C. D., Burns, R. D., Byun, W., Carson, R. L., Welk, G. J., & Brusseau, T. A. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13265 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Groffik, D., Mitáš, J., Jakubec, L., Svozil, Z., & Frömel, K. (2020) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1688754 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Children’s physical activity levels during primary school break times
Powell, E. A., Woodfield, L., & Nevill, A. M. (2015) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x15591135 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A critical examination of school-based recess: what do the children think?
Massey, W. V., Neilson, L., & Salas, J. (2019) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2019.1683062 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Effect of Recess on Fifth Grade Students Time On-Task in an Elementary Classroom
Stapp, A. C. (2018) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · doi:10.26822/iejee.2018438135 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Beyler, N., Bleeker, M. M., James‐Burdumy, S., Fortson, J., & Benjamin, M. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Suga, A. C. M., da Silva, A. A. D. P., Brey, J. R., Guerra, P. H., & Rodríguez-Añez, C. R. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.02.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Recess Quality and Social and Behavioral Health in Elementary School Students
Massey, W. V., Thalken, J., Szarabajko, A., Neilson, L., & Geldhof, J. G. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13065 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Recess Physical Activity and Perceived School Environment among Elementary School Children
Ishii, K., Shibata, A., Sato, M., & Oka, K. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110707195 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Observations from the playground: Common problems and potential solutions for school-based recess
Massey, W. V., Perez, D., Neilson, L., Thalken, J., & Szarabajko, A. (2020) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896920973691 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Graham, M., Wright, M., Azevedo, L. B., Macpherson, T. W., Jones, D., & Innerd, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1928423 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Shi, L., Zhu, X., Chen, S., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Pfledderer, C. D., Kwon, S., Strehli, I., Byun, W., & Burns, R. D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063445 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hernández, E. H., Murcia, J. A. M., Domenech, J. F., & Alonso, J. L. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03091 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Intricacies of Children’s Physical Activity
Brusseau, T. A. (2015) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0082 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Erwin, H., Fedewa, A., Wilson, J., & Ahn, S. (2019) · Journal of Research in Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/02568543.2019.1646844 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The effect of a self-constructed material on children’s physical activity during recess
Mendez‐Giménez, A., Estrada, J. A. C., & Fernández‐Río, J. (2017) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006659 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mental Load and Its Compensation by Physical Activity in Adolescents at Secondary Schools
Svozil, Z., Frömel, K., Chmelík, F., Jakubec, L., Groffik, D., & Šafář, M. (2015) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a4186 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zimmo, L., Almudahka, F., Ibrahim, I. A. E., Al‐Kuwari, M. G., & Farooq, A. (2019) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2018-0351 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
McLoughlin, G. M., Massey, W. V., Lane, H., Calvert, H. G., Turner, L. R., & Hager, E. R. (2020) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896920959359 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Welk, G. J., Russell, D. W., & Huberty, J. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-103 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sales, D. R. L., da Silva, J. P., Bergamo, R. R., de Oliveira, L. C., Ferrari, G., & Matsudo, V. K. R. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33732-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Ban on Smartphone Usage during Recess Increased Children’s Physical Activity
Pawlowski, C. S., Nielsen, J. V., & Schmidt, T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041907 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The History of Physical Activity Promotion in Physical Education and Suggestions for Moving Forward
Centeio, E. E., & Brusseau, T. A. (2024) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/kr.2024-0010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Taylor, S. L., Noonan, R. J., Knowles, Z. R., McGrane, B., Curry, W. B., & Fairclough, S. J. (2018) · Children · doi:10.3390/children5120171 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Evaluation of a comprehensive school physical activity program: Be a Champion!
Singletary, C. R., Weaver, G., Carson, R. L., Beets, M. W., Pate, R. R., Saunders, R. P., Peluso, A. G., & Moore, J. B. (2019) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.04.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hermosa, A. R., Sánchez‐López, M., Castro‐Piñero, J., Grao‐Cruces, A., Camiletti‐Moirón, D., Martins, J., Mota, J. A. P. S., Ceciliani, A., Murphy, M., Vuillemin, A., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckae113 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pawlowski, C. S., Andersen, H. B., & Schipperijn, J. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0270 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
What's Physical Activity Got to Do With It? Social Trends in Less Active Students at Recess
Woods, A. M., McLoughlin, G. M., Kern, B. D., & Graber, K. C. (2018) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12637 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
SHAPE America’s 50 Million StrongTM: Critical Research Questions Related to Youth Physical Activity
Erwin, H. E., Brusseau, T. A., Carson, R. L., Hodge, S. R., & Kang, M. (2018) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1490607 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Arufe-Giráldez, V., Pereira, J., Groba, B., Nieto-Riveiro, L., Canosa, N., Miranda-Duro, M. D. C., Concheiro-Moscoso, P., Rodríguez-Padín, R., Pravio, J. R., Rodríguez, M. L., et al. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11121475 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
El recreo escolar en la Educación Infantil: desafíos y oportunidades de múltiples aprendizajes
Saraiva, L., Pontes, S. G., Santos, F., & Sá, C. (2021) · Sportis Scientific Journal of School Sport Physical Education and Psychomotricity · doi:10.17979/sportis.2021.7.1.5971 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Powell, E. A., Woodfield, L., Powell, A. J., Nevill, A. M., & Myers, T. (2018) · Children · doi:10.3390/children5100135 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cochrane, T., Davey, R., & de Castella, F. R. (2016) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zavacky, F., & Michael, S. L. (2017) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2017.1295763 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Casolo, A., Sagelv, E. H., Bianco, M., Casolo, F., & Galvani, C. (2019) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2019.s5264 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Daly-Smith, A., Quarmby, T., Archbold, V. S. J., Corrigan, N., Wilson, D., Resaland, G. K., Bartholomew, J. B., Singh, A. S., Tjomsland, H. E., Sherar, L. B., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.18783/v2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Clevenger, K. A., McKee, K. L., McNarry, M. A., Mackintosh, K. A., & Berrigan, D. (2024) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2023-0056 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Análisis bibliográfico sobre los programas de recreos activos
Martín‐Acosta, F., & Rodríguez, J. C. (2019) · Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte · doi:10.24310/riccafd.2019.v8i1.5790 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
How Feedback and Goal-Setting Impact Children’s Recess Physical Activity
Koufoudakis, R., Erwin, H. E., Beighle, A. E., & Thornton, M. (2016) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/vshn6146 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bartholomew, J. B., Clutton, J. E., Burford, K., Aadland, E., Resaland, G. K., Jowers, E. M., & Errisuiz, V. (2022) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000212 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Understanding the real value of youth physical activity promotion
Beets, M. W., Weaver, R. G., & Moore, J. B. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mendez‐Giménez, A., & García-Rodríguez, I. (2024) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v59.107185 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Creating Lasting Conditions for Meaningful Recess Reform: A 5‐School Exploration
London, R. A., Alvarez, G., Massey, W. V., Farello, A., & Santos, B. (2024) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13511 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of a 7-week active breaks intervention program on physical literacy and body mass index
Urbano-Mairena, J., Bermejo, L. M., Carlos‐Vivas, J., Pastor-Cisneros, R., Montenegro-Espinosa, J. A., & Mendoza-Muñoz, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1535729 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Özkoca, N., Massey, W. V., Farello, A., Arnold, J. P., Belcher, D. J., Rogers, K. A., & Stellino, M. B. (2025) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2025.2571816 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung in weiterführenden Schulen
Demetriou, Y., & Sturm, D. J. (2021) · Springer Reference Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-62426-5_95 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gunter, K. B., Jackson, J. A., Nader, P. A., & John, D. H. (2018) · International Journal of School Health · doi:10.5812/intjsh.58213 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Youth physical activity and considerations for interventions
Peyer, K. L. (2021) · Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology eBooks · doi:10.51224/b1008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Daly-Smith, A., Quarmby, T., Archbold, V. S. J., Corrigan, N., Wilson, D., Resaland, G. K., Bartholomew, J. B., Singh, A. S., Tjomsland, H. E., Sherar, L. B., et al. (2019) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.18783/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lourenço, A., Pereira, B., Mendes, R., & Martíns, F. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v50.99927 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Manteca, M. P., & Mendez‐Giménez, A. (2017) · Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes · doi:10.55166/reefd.vi417.544 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Promoting children’s health and well-being through structured recreation during online recess
Poulos, A., Wilson, K., & Ramella, K. J. (2023) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyac041 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bewegungsförderung an weiterführenden Schulen in Deutschland
Schoser, D. S., Melcher, A., Froböse, I., & Wilke, C. (2023) · Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung · doi:10.1007/s11553-023-01041-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gaudi i motivació en un programa d’esbarjos actius
Mendez‐Giménez, A., & Manteca, M. P. (2018) · Apunts Educación Física y Deportes · doi:10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.cat.(2018/4).134.04
Burji, C. (2019) · Scholarly Commons (University of the Pacific)
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung in weiterführenden Schulen
Demetriou, Y., & Sturm, D. J. (2020) · Springer Reference Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55793-8_95-1
Pascual, M. B. (2017) · Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes · doi:10.55166/reefd.vi417.559
Exploring Recess Policies and Practices in Middle Schools: A School Leadership Perspective
Olsen, E. B., Wyant, J. D., Tsuda, E., Kim, K. T., Weiser, M., Embry, C., lusto, J. D., Koch, J., & Omar, M. (2024) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2023-0306
School-Based Recess and Youth Development: Past, Present, and Future Directions
Massey, W., Özkoca, N., & vonWildenradt, R. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197852736.003.0073
- Authors
- Erwin, H. E., Ickes, M., Ahn, S., & Fedewa, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Erwin, Heather E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Health Promotion
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 159-167
- ISSN
- 0890-1171 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6602
- OpenAlex
- W2093842999
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Health Promotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- children's physical activity, recess, intervention duration, age differences, gender differences, school health promotion
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Motor Activity, Play and Playthings, School Health Services
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
