The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Abstract
This chapter presents an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Much of the work on the social psychology of intergroup relations has focused on patterns of individual prejudices and discrimination and on the motivational sequences of interpersonal interaction. The intensity of explicit intergroup conflicts of interests is closely related in human cultures to the degree of opprobrium attached to the notion of "renegade" or "traitor." The basic and highly reliable finding is that the trivial, ad hoc intergroup categorization leads to in-group favoritism and discrimination against the out-group. Many orthodox definitions of "social groups" are unduly restrictive when applied to the context of intergroup relations. The equation of social competition and intergroup conflict rests on the assumptions concerning an "ideal type" of social stratification in which the salient dimensions of intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“this discomfort can be understood as a form of intergroup threat (Stephan et al., 2015; Tajfel & Turner, 2004)”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Tajfel & Turner, 2004
Citations
Cites
Psychology of intergroup relations
Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,626
Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Bruνswik, E., Levinson, D. M., & Sandford, R. N. (2001) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446220986.n8 · Cited by 6,460
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010202 · Cited by 5,562
Self-citationIn-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis.
Brewer, M. B. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.307 · Cited by 3,411
Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination
Tajfel, H. (1970) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96 · Cited by 2,577
Self-citationSocial comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour
Turner, J. C. (1975) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420050102 · Cited by 1,434
Self-citationSocial categorization and similarity in intergroup behaviour
Billig, M., & Tajfel, H. (1973) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420030103 · Cited by 1,283
Self-citationAggression: A Social Psychological Analysis.
Wood, A. L., & Berkowitz, L. J. (1964) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091523 · Cited by 661
Ethnocentric and other altruistic motives
Campbell, D. T. (1966) · Cited by 487
van den Berghe, P. L. (1967) · Cited by 398
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meyer, I. H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 · Cited by 14,736
Social Identity Theory and the Organization
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. A. (1989) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4278999 · Cited by 7,978
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
Mael, F. A., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030130202 · Cited by 5,807
Metadata
- Authors
- Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- ORCID
- Turner, John C.
- Venue
- Political Psychology
- Publisher
- Psychology Press
- Published
- 2004-01-09
- Pages
- 276-293
- OpenAlex
- W1799750435
- Cited by
- 13,467
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 484 · 2025: 577 · 2024: 603 · 2023: 563 · 2022: 472 · 2021: 689 · 2020: 741 · 2019: 664 · 2018: 663 · 2017: 683 · 2016: 683 · 2015: 691 · 2014: 676 · 2013: 630 · 2012: 585
- FWCI
- 1993.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- social identity theory, intergroup conflict, intergroup relations, prejudice, discrimination, in-group favoritism, outgroup hostility, social categorization, social groups, social competition, social stratification, resource constraints
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
