Fake news
Abstract
Fake news has attracted a lot of scholarly attention. Social media companies, which have borne much of the blame for the spread of fake news through their platforms, have taken actions, such as limiting how often a message can be forwarded, deleting accounts that share fake news, and partnering with third-party fact-checkers to debunk fake news. A famous example is a fake news article that wrongly reported that Pope Francis, the leader of the Catholic church, had endorsed then-candidate Donald Trump. It is important, however, to distinguish between motivations for creating fake news stories on one hand and sharing fake news stories on the other. The popularity of fake news as a research topic is partly based on its assumed negative impact on numerous aspects of social life. Thus, fake news has also been weaponised to weaken trust in social institutions, including science, politics, and journalism.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Disinformation is no longer a matter of intent, contrary to what the literature on fake news sometimes tends to assume.
“The disinformation is no longer a matter of intent, as the literature on fake news sometimes tends to assume (Tandoc, 2021).”
From Beyond Verification| Inauthentic Authenticity: Astroturfing to Generate True Affect Using Fakery (2026) · cites this paper as Tandoc, 2021
Cites
Albright J. (2016) The #election 2016 micro-propaganda machine. Medium (accessed April 1, 2017).
(n.d.)
Unresolved
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 1 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tandoc, E. C., & Seet, S. K. (2022) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2022.2110929 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationTruth as social practice in a digital era: iteration as persuasion
Foster, C. L. E. (2022) · Ai & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01306-w · Cited by 19 · see citing works
How do online users respond to crowdsourced fact-checking?
Panizza, F., Ronzani, P., Morisseau, T., Mattavelli, S., & Martini, C. M. C. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-02329-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Changing landscape of fake news research on social media: a bibliometric analysis
Sahid, A., Maleh, Y., & Ouazzane, K. (2025) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-024-02048-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Melo‐Pfeifer, S., & Gertz, H. D. (2022) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.v10i4.5708 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dubious News: The Social Processing of Uncertain Facts in Uncertain Times
Duffy, A. M., & Tan, N. N. (2021) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.1953390 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fake news as systematically distorted communication: an LIS intervention
Buschman, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-03-2023-0043 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yeni Medyada Yapay Zekâ Aracılığıyla Dezenformasyon Oluşturulması: Trump Örneği
BEKAR, S. (2024) · Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.46452/baksoder.1448805 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Taxitari, L., Sitistas, T., & Gavriil, E. (2025) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci14030133 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Demir, G., Darıcı, S., Tamer, Z., Taydaş, O., & Pamucar, D. (2025) · Journal of Computational Social Science · doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00408-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Laughing and unlaughing at religion-related fake news in Estonia
Laineste, L., Fiadotava, A., & Jonuks, T. (2024) · Humor - International Journal of Humor Research · doi:10.1515/humor-2023-0119 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beyond Verification| Inauthentic Authenticity: Astroturfing to Generate True Affect Using Fakery
Alloing, C., Fournier, V., Reid, V., Germain, S., Turbide, O., & Yates, S. (2026) · International Journal of Communication · doi:10.65476/qd17zh66
Macías, R. A. G. (2025) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-9356-4.ch006
Riedl, M. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00480-2_8
Lenk, T. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06656-8
A Hybrid BERT–Random Forest Framework for Fake News Classification
Charjan, O., Gajbhiye, K., Warhade, J., et al. (2025) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems (ICUIS) · doi:10.1109/icuis67429.2025.11380520
Haq, M. A. U., Jing, W., Ghouri, A. M., Luong, N. T., Le, M. T. H., Taha, S., & Akhtar, P. (2026) · International Journal of Politics Culture and Society · doi:10.1007/s10767-026-09584-2
- Authors
- Tandoc, E. C.
- Corresponding author
- Tandoc, Edson C.
- ORCID
- Tandoc, Edson C.
- Venue
- The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2021-03-23
- Pages
- 110-117
- OpenAlex
- W4252174495
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 14.53
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- fake news, misinformation, social networking sites, fact-checking, fake news sharing, institutional trust, public trust in government
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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