The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases.
Open accessAbstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an exaggerated immune response leading to damage and dysfunction of specific or multiple organs and tissues. Most autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women than in men. Symptom severity, disease course, response to therapy and overall survival may also differ between males and females with autoimmune diseases. Sex hormones have a crucial role in this sex bias, with estrogens being potent stimulators of autoimmunity and androgens playing a protective role. Accumulating evidence indicates that genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors may also contribute to sex-related differences in risk and clinical course of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms for sex specific differences in autoimmunity with a special focus on three paradigmatic diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Calamita, E., Schmid, M., Kunz, M., Ndebele-Murisa, M. R., Magadza, C. H. D., Nyambe, I., & Wehrli, B. (2019) · Figshare · doi:10.26181/6153922fe919c · Cited by 4,222
Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity
Markle, J. G. M., Frank, D. N., Mortin-Toth, S., Robertson, C. E., Feazel, L. M., Rolle-Kampczyk, U., von Bergen, M., McCoy, K. D., Macpherson, A. J., & Danska, J. S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1233521 · Cited by 2,025
Gender differences in autoimmune disease
Ngo, S. T., Steyn, F. J., & McCombe, P. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.004 · Cited by 1,074
Pan, W., Zhu, S., Yuan, M., Cui, H., Wang, L., Luo, X., Li, J., Zhou, H., Tang, Y., & Shen, N. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0904060 · Cited by 561
The environment, geo-epidemiology, and autoimmune disease: Rheumatoid arthritis
Tobón, G. J., Youinou, P., & Saraux, A. (2010) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.12.009 · Cited by 483
MicroRNA, a new paradigm for understanding immunoregulation, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases
Dai, R., & Ahmed, S. A. (2011) · Translational Research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2011.01.007 · Cited by 444
Sawcer, S., Franklin, R. J. M., & Ban, M. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70041-9 · Cited by 401
The geoepidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus
Borchers, A. T., Naguwa, S. M., Shoenfeld, Y., & Gershwin, M. E. (2010) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.12.008 · Cited by 365
Self-citationEstrogens and Autoimmune Diseases
CUTOLO, M., CAPELLINO, S., SULLI, A., SERIOLI, B., SECCHI, M. E., VILLAGGIO, B., & STRAUB, R. H. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1386.043 · Cited by 309
The genetics of multiple sclerosis: an up‐to‐date review
Gourraud, P., Harbo, H. F., Hauser, S. L., & Baranzini, S. E. (2012) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01134.x · Cited by 282
Cited by
Connecting the immune system, systemic chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome: the role of sex
Rizzetto, L., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., & Selmi, C. (2018) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.05.008 · Cited by 331
Male infertility as a window to health
Choy, J. T., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2018) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.015 · Cited by 331
Borba, V. V., Zandman-Goddard, G., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00073 · Cited by 222
Self-citationEditorial: Sex Hormones and Gender Differences in Immune Responses
Ortona, E., Pierdominici, M., & Rider, V. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01076 · Cited by 149
Self-citationHigh prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women with endometriosis: a case-control study
Porpora, M. G., Scaramuzzino, S., Sangiuliano, C., Piacenti, I., Bonanni, V., Piccioni, M. G., Ostuni, R., Masciullo, L., & Benedetti Panici, P. L. (2020) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1655727 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Ortona, E., Pierdominici, M., Maselli, A., Veroni, C., Aloisi, F., & Shoenfeld, Y.
- Venue
- Annali dell Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- Publisher
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- Published
- 2017-04-04
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 205-12
- ISSN
- 0021-2571 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2468439788
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 28.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4415/ann_16_02_12
- The paper
- Ortona, E., Pierdominici, M., Maselli, A., Veroni, C., Aloisi, F., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2017). Sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases. Annali dell Istituto Superiore di Sanità. https://doi.org/10.4415/ann_16_02_12
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
