Cited by 288Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNursing care and researchFamily Caregiving in Mental Illness

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Validity and Reliability of the Zarit Burden Interview in Assessing Caregiving Burden

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Seng, Boon Kheng, Luo, Nan, Ng, Wai Yee, Lim, June, Chionh, Hui Ling, Goh, Jenny, Yap, Philip·2010·Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

DOI 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n10p758

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to validate the Zarit Burden Interview as an instrument to measure the level of burden experienced by caregivers of patients with dementia (PWD) in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult family caregivers of PWD were recruited from the ambulatory dementia clinic of a tertiary hospital and the Alzheimer's Disease Association. All subjects completed a battery of questionnaires which consisted of demographic questions and the following instruments: the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Burden Assessment Scale (BAS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Dementia Management Strategies Scale (DMSS), and the Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist (RMBPC). A subgroup of subjects also completed the ZBI for the second time 2 weeks after the fi rst survey. RESULTS: A total of 238 subjects completed the survey. As hypothesised, the Zarit burden score was strongly correlated with BAS, GHQ-28, DMSS, and RMBPC scores (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.53 to 0.73); caregivers who undertook the major role in caregiving, had spent >1 year in caregiving, or experienced financial problems had higher Zarit burden scores than those who were not main carers, with ≤1 year of caregiving, or reported no/minimal financial problems, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha value for the ZBI items was 0.93; the intra-class correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability of the Zarit burden score was 0.89 (n = 149). CONCLUSION: The results in this study demonstrated that the Zarit Burden Interview is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the burden of caregivers of PWD in Singapore.

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Additional file 1 of Clinical and cost-effectiveness of ‘Live Well with Parkinson’s’ self-management intervention versus treatment as usual for improving quality of life for people with Parkinson’s: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Additional file 2 of Clinical and cost-effectiveness of ‘Live Well with Parkinson’s’ self-management intervention versus treatment as usual for improving quality of life for people with Parkinson’s: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Additional file 3 of Clinical and cost-effectiveness of ‘Live Well with Parkinson’s’ self-management intervention versus treatment as usual for improving quality of life for people with Parkinson’s: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Additional file 4 of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for people living with motor neuron disease: an uncontrolled feasibility study
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Additional file 1 of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for people living with motor neuron disease: an uncontrolled feasibility study
Gould, R. L., Rawlinson, C. V., Thompson, B., Weeks, K., Gossage-Worrall, R., Cantrill, H., Serfaty, M. A., Graham, C. D., McCracken, L. M., White, D., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23647486
Additional file 3 of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for people living with motor neuron disease: an uncontrolled feasibility study
Gould, R. L., Rawlinson, C. V., Thompson, B., Weeks, K., Gossage-Worrall, R., Cantrill, H., Serfaty, M. A., Graham, C. D., McCracken, L. M., White, D., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23647492
Additional file 2 of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for people living with motor neuron disease: an uncontrolled feasibility study
Gould, R. L., Rawlinson, C. V., Thompson, B., Weeks, K., Gossage-Worrall, R., Cantrill, H., Serfaty, M. A., Graham, C. D., McCracken, L. M., White, D., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23647489
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“The ZBI had excellent test-retest reliability, and was strongly correlated with assessments such as the Burden Assessment Scale for dementia carers 26 .”
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Totten, A. M., Daly, J. M., Ramsey, K. L., Howard, M., Bumatay, S., Rogash, L., & Michaels, L. C. (2026) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319261430488
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“The scale is tested to have good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93) and validity in South Asian population and translated in Tamil to assess caregiver burden (Seng et al., 2010).”
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“The measure has been validated in Singapore and has shown good psychometric properties [22].”
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“The Cronbach α value for the ZBI items is 0.93, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability of the Zarit burden score is 0.89 [34].”
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“…by El Razek et al. [27] The scale consists of 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (nearly always), with total scores ranging from 0 to 40; higher scores indicate greater perceived CB. Previous research has demonstrated good internal consistency for this scale [28].”
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Untitled work
(2018) · Archives of Basic and Applied Medicine · Cited by 22

Authors: Seng, B. K., Luo, N., Ng, W. Y., Lim, J., Chionh, H. L., Goh, J., & Yap, P.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
Alexandra Hospital (SG)
ORCID: Seng, Boon Kheng
Luo, Nan
Yap, Philip
Venue: Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore
Publisher: Academy of Medicine, Singapore
Published: 2010-10-15
Volume: 39
Issue: 10
Pages: 758-763
ISSN: 0304-4602 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n10p758
OpenAlex: W126441541
Cited by: 288
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
Keywords: Zarit Burden Interview, caregiver burden, dementia, family caregivers, psychometric validation, test-retest reliability, Singapore
MeSH terms: Adult, Dementia, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers, Cost of Illness

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Validity and Reliability of the Zarit Burden Interview in Assessing Caregiving Burden

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