El ayllu como territorio de vida en las comunidades Altoandinas y su relación con la configuración espacial de la minería en el Desierto y Salar de Atacama, Norte de Chile
Open accessAbstract
Se analiza la construcción social de los ayllus como lugares de síntesis e integración de la geografía física con la geografía humana sobre la base de los postulados de la Geografía Física Crítica, para lo cual se consideran las principales características de los climas y geoformas de los paisajes naturales de la Cordillera de los Andes y los impactos de la minería sobre los ecosistemas y comunidades, destacando las controversias sobre disponibilidad y usos de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas. Las cuencas son examinadas como conceptos fundamentales en la epistemología y ontología de las comunidades andinas, destacando la presencia de topoclimas y redes hidrosociales que corresponden a algunas de las relaciones culturales y políticas que definen la geografía física crítica de los territorios de ayllus. La minería del salitre, del cobre y más recientemente del litio, da cuenta de la centralidad ecológica, histórica, política y económica que juega el Desierto de Atacama, que reúne en su territorio las regiones más áridas del planeta con la mayor concentración mundial de minerales metálicos y no metálicos. Dado el rol crítico que desempeña la disponibilidad y acceso a las fuentes de agua, las comunidades han intentado resistir las intervenciones exógenas sobre sus territorios reconociendo la integridad de los procesos biogeofísicos que regulan el ciclo hidrológico de las cuencas y resaltando los ciclos hidrocosmológicos que asocian los componentes físicos y metafísicos como parte de sistemas de sustento de la vida, expresados en una organización espacio-cultural que vincula los pisos ecológicos controlados por la altura, como las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas y manifestaciones culturales y religiosas que transcurren durante el año. Sin embargo, el auge del extractivismo minero por parte de poderosas empresas nacionales y extranjeras, que ha caracterizado al desarrollo económico chileno durante las últimas décadas, ha impulsado y ejecutado negociaciones entre comunidades locales y empresas transnacionales, realizadas en el marco de un Estado neoliberal, que están conduciendo al colapso de los sistemas naturales y socio-culturales y con ello al desaparecimiento de los ayllus como territorios de vida.
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The hydrocosmological vision for the SdA basin is a complex life support system based on the spring or water catchment area of each indigenous community or ayllu as the source of initiation.
“The hydrocosmological vision for the SdA basin is a complex life support system that is based on the spring or water catchment area of each indigenous community or ayllu as the source of initiation (Romero and Opazo 2019).”
From S-LCA of lithium mining in Chile and its potential impacts on water and the local community (2025) · cites this paper as Romero and Opazo 2019
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- MÉNDEZ, Manuel; ROMERO, Hugo. Construcción de los territorios altoandinos de Tarapacá, norte de Chile. Reflexión conceptual desde una perspectiva histórica- geográfica Revista Chilena de Antropología. n. 37, p. 183-196, 2018.doi: 10.5354/0719-1472.2018.49495Pavlovic, 2014 · DOI
- ROMERO, Hugo; ESPINOZA, Guillermo; OPAZO, Dustyn; Y SEPÚLVEDA, Daniela. Topoclimatología cultural y cambios de clima en la zona andina del norte de Chile. In: SÁNCHEZ, Rafael; HIDALGO, Rofrigo; ARENAS, Federico (Eds.). Reconociendo las geografías de América Latina y el Caribe. Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2017, p. 93-132.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mining indigenous territories: Consensus, tensions and ambivalences in the Salar de Atacama
Lorca, M., Olivera Andrade, M., Escosteguy, M., Köppel, J., Scoville-Simonds, M., & Hufty, M. (2022) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2022.101047 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
S-LCA of lithium mining in Chile and its potential impacts on water and the local community
Roche, L., Link, A., Marinova, S., Coroama, V., & Finkbeiner, M. (2025) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-024-02378-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…2002; Houston and Hartley 2003; Marazuela et al. 2019a, b; Moran et al. 2022; Valdivielso et al. 2022) and the Atacameños’ cos-movision which considers water as a being (Babidge 2016; Romero and Opazo 2019; Lorca et al. 2022; Ramos Chocobar and Tironi 2022) when deriving overall conclusions.”
Influential
- Authors
- Romero, H., & Opazo, D.
- Affiliations
- Metropolitan University of Technology (CL)
- ORCID
- Opazo, Dustyn
- Venue
- AMBIENTES: Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política
- Published
- 2019-06-26
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38
- ISSN
- 2674-6816 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2966761516
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- AMBIENTES Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Mining and Resource Management
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Geography and Environmental Studies in Latin America
- Keywords
- ayllu, Andean Community, mining impacts, Atacama Desert, Salar de Atacama, salt mining, lithium mining, copper mining, water conflicts, critical physical geography, territorial resistance, extractivism, transnational mining companies
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