The Sensory Profile: The Performance of a National Sample of Children Without Disabilities
Abstract
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to obtain data about a national sample of children without disabilities on the 125-item revision of the Sensory Profile, a tool derived from sensory history items reported in the literature and designed to evaluate children’s responses to commonly occurring sensory events. Method. Parents of 1,115 children completed the Sensory Profile. The children were 3 to 10 years of age and did not have disabilities. Parents used a 5-point Likert scale to report the percentage of time their children engaged in each behavior Researchers then analyzed the data, using multivariate methods to identify trends in performance and age and gender differences. Results. Ninety-one (73%) of the profile’s 125 items were found to be uncommon behaviors for this national sample of children without disabilities. Although age and gender differences were significant ( p < .001), effect sizes were so small (i.e., below .2) that differences were not meaningful for clinical application (i.e., mean differences less than .5 points). Only two items in the visual category approached a 1-point difference when comparing younger and older children. Conclusion. There were no meaningful gender differences on the revised Sensory Profile, and only 2 items approached a meaningful difference related to age. Nearly three fourths of the items on the profile were uncommon for children without disabilities. If children with various disabilities display these behaviors, the Sensory Profile can be useful in evaluation and program planning for children with disabilities.
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An exploratory factor analysis of a previous version of the sensory profile (SP) revealed a 9-factor solution.
“An exploratory factor analysis of a previous version of this instrument, the sensory profile (SP), revealed a 9-factor solution.”
From Assessment of Sensory Processing and Executive Functions in Childhood: Development, Reliability, and Validity of the EPYFEI (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
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Schulz, S. E., Luszawski, M., Hannah, K. E., & Stevenson, R. A. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01058-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dove, S., & Dunn, W. (2008) · Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention · doi:10.1080/19411240802312798 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationInvestigation of tactile defensiveness and self‐esteem in typically developing children
Stephens, C. L., & Royeen, C. B. (1998) · Occupational Therapy International · doi:10.1002/oti.81 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Guédeney, N., Barbey-Mintz, A.-S., Rabouam, C., Nestour, A. L., Guédeney, A., Apter, G., Moralès-Huet, M., Jacquemain, F., & Roujeau, S. (2002) · La psychiatrie de l enfant · doi:10.3917/psye.452.0483 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Typical Children’s Responsivity Patterns of the Tactile and Vestibular Systems
Bar‐Shalita, T., Goldstand, S., Hahn‐Markowitz, J., & Parush, S. (2005) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.59.2.148 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF INFANT AND MATERNAL SENSORY PROCESSING ON INFANT FUSSING, CRYING, AND SLEEP
McGeorge, K., Milne, L. C., Cotton, L., & Whelan, T. A. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21510 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Galiana, A., Flores-Ripoll, J. M., Benito-Castellanos, P. J., Villar-Rodríguez, C., & Vela-Romero, M. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2021.1988602 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dunn, W., & Westman, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Dunn, Winnie
- Venue
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-34
- ISSN
- 0272-9490 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-7676
- OpenAlex
- W2099997470
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 14.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (MCJ-209319-01-0)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- sensory profile, sensory processing, children without disabilities, reference values, age differences, gender differences, sensory behavior, children with disabilities, parent report, occupational therapy assessment
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Reference Values, Sensation, Social Adjustment, Multivariate Analysis, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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