Determination of levels of nitric oxide in smoker and nonsmoker patients with chronic periodontitis
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in periodontal diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases may be affected by alterations of the inflammatory response by smoke. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous, colorless, highly reactive, short-lived free radical with a pivotal role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological mechanisms in the body. It is important in host defense and homeostasis, on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it modulates the inflammatory response in periodontitis, leading to harmful effects. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of NO in both the serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers having chronic periodontitis and to compare them with periodontally healthy controls. METHODS: SIXTY SUBJECTS PARTICIPATED IN THE STUDY AND WERE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: group I, healthy nonsmoking subjects; group II, nonsmoking patients with chronic periodontitis; group III, smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. Each group consisted of twenty subjects. The biochemical estimation of NO in the collected serum and in the saliva was performed using the Griess colorimetric reaction. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean value of the salivary and serum NO was greater in group II than in group I, and also greater in group III than in group II. CONCLUSIONS: NO appears to play an important and rather complex role in the immuno-inflammatory process and in the remodeling and maintenance of osseous structures. It is therefore logical that modulation of this mediator has potential for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Both salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations and gingival expression of NO-forming NOS have been found to be increased in periodontal disease, which also tend to increase with disease severity and improve with periodontal treatment.
“Interestingly, both salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations and gingival expression of NO-forming NOS have been found to be increased in periodontal disease, which also tend to increase with disease severity and improve with periodontal treatment[99,193,291,292].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [292]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids
Green, L. C., Wagner, D. A., Glogowski, J. A., Skipper, P. L., Wishnok, J. S., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1982) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-x · Cited by 12,061 · see citing works
The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway
Epstein, F. H., Moncada, S., & Higgs, A. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312303292706 · Cited by 6,678 · see citing works
Periodontal Diseases: Pathogenesis
Offenbacher, S. (1996) · Annals of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/annals.1996.1.1.821 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
Inflammation, immunoregulation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase
Nussler, A. K., & Billiar, T. R. (1993) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.54.2.171 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance
Moncada, S., & Higgs, E. A. (1991) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01383.x · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide: Cytotoxicity versus Cytoprotection— How, Why, When, and Where?
Kröncke, K., Fehsel, K., & Kolb-Bachofen, V. (1997) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1006/niox.1997.0118 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Multiple pathways of peroxynitrite cytotoxicity
Szabó, C. (2003) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00507-6 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
A novel mechanism of action of tetracyclines: Effects on nitric oxide synthases
Amin, A. R., Attur, M. G., Thakker, G. D., Patel, P. D., Vyas, P., Patel, R. N., Patel, I. R., & Abramson, S. B. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.14014 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Cigarette Smoking and the Periodontal Patient
Johnson, G. K., & HILL, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.2.196 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Understanding the etiology of periodontitis: an overview of periodontal risk factors
Nunn, M. E. (2003) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.03202.x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Anti‐inflammatory effects of <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> (CD2) on periodontal disease
Riccia, D. D., Bizzini, F., Perilli, M., Polimeni, A., Trinchieri, V, Amicosante, G., & Cifone, M. (2007) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01291.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Nitric oxide synthesis and severity of human periodontal disease
Batista, A., Silva, T., Chun, J., & Lara, V. (2002) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.02852.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in periodontitis
Lappin, D. F., Kjeldsen, M., Sander, L. E., & Kinane, D. F. (2000) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0765.2000.035006369.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Nitric oxide synthesis is increased in periodontal disease
Matĕjka, M., Partyka, L., Ulm, C., Solar, P., & Sinzlnger, H. (1998) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02352.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis
Reher, V., Zenóbio, É. G., Costa, F. O., Reher, P., & Soares, R. V. (2007) · Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.2334/josnusd.49.271 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Parameter on Chronic Periodontitis With Slight to Moderate Loss of Periodontal Support
(2000) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.5-s.853 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Estimation of nitric oxide as an inflammatory marker in periodontitis
Menaka, K. B., Ramesh, A., Thomas, B., et al. (2009) · Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology · doi:10.4103/0972-124x.55842 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Nitric oxide synthesis is decreased in periodontitis
Aurer, A., Aleksić, J., Ivić‐Kardum, M., Aurer-Kozelj, J., & Čulo, F. (2001) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028006565.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Destructive effects of smoking on molecular and genetic factors of periodontal disease
Ojima, M., & Hanioka, T. (2010) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.1186/1617-9625-8-4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A retrospective study of periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers
Razali, M., Palmer, R. M. J., Coward, P. Y., et al. (2005) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812253 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress in Periodontitis
Dhotre, P. S., Suryakar, A. N., & Bhogade, R. B. (2012) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/82469 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nitric oxide in cigarette smoke as a mediator of oxidative damage
Epperlein, M. M., Nourooz‐Zadeh, J., Noronha-Dutra, A. A., & Woolf, N. (1996) · International Journal of Experimental Pathology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2613.1996.9930331.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Koch, C. D., Gladwin, M. T., Freeman, B. A., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Morris, A. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wadhwa, D., Bey, A., Hasija, M., Moin, S., Kumar, A., Aman, S., & Sharma, V. K.
- Affiliations
- Aligarh Muslim University (IN)
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College, Rohtak, India.
- Corresponding author
- Wadhwa, Deepti
- Venue
- Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science
- Publisher
- Korean Academy of Periodontology
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 215
- ISSN
- 2093-2278 (ISSN-L)
- 2093-2286
- PMC
- PMC3825988
- OpenAlex
- W2142007016
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, chronic periodontitis, cigarette smoking, salivary nitric oxide, serum nitric oxide, periodontal inflammation, inflammation, periodontal risk factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
