Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center

In the paper

“Only after the recognition of common differences ~s acknowledged and the diversity of women's condition is made central to the feminist framework, can the feminist movement move forward.”

In the paper

“Hooks contends that if feminists are to succeed in creating a viable mass movement against sexual oppression , it must account for the complexity and diversity of female experience and cease catering to the needs of a privileged few.”

What the sources say

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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center

In the paper

“Furthermore, she comments that “It was a mark of race and class privilege, as well as the expression of treedom from many constraints of sexism placed upon working class women, that middle-class white women were able to make their interests the primary focus of the feminist movement and employ a rhetoric of commo~lity that made their condition synonymous with oppression .””

What the sources say

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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, p.6

In the paper

“She be9ins her discussion with a critique of the contemporary feminist movement that asserts that “Feminism in the u.s. has never emerged from the women who are the most victimized by sexist oppression; women who arE' daily beaten down, mentally, physically and spiritually --women who are powerless to change thei~ condition in life: all non-white women and poor women.””

What the sources say

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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, p.5

In the paper

“From Margin to Center, a leading work in an emergent body-of literature written by Black feminists, clearly delineates the nexus of race, class and sexual oppression upon the lives of Black women.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center

In the paper

“Hooks' new book speaks directly to major contradictions within the feminist movement in the United States: Eurocentrism, elitism, opportunism, romaniticism of sisterhood, and a false consciousness which targets men as the enemy and deflects attention from an economic system based upon exploitation, racism and sexual discrimination.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center

In the paper

“A viable feminist framework must acknowledge that “women are divided by sexist attitudes, racism, class privilege , and a host of other I prejudices” which have 3 precluded their coming together and organizing effectively .”

What the sources say

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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, p.44

In the paper

“Bell Hooks' earlier work, Ain't I a W oman: Black Wome and Feminism (1981); Gloria I .Joseph and Jill Lewis', Commo Differences (1981); and Angela Y. Davis', Women, Rac-;;-a:n Class (1983), collectively provide a rationale for Blac ;o;nen' s necessRry participation in the feminist movement o our own terms .”

What the sources say

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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, Ain't I a Woman
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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Joseph and Lewis, Common Differences
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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, Women, Race and Class

In the paper

“Furthermore, these authors do however, contradict the notion that the feminist movement belongs to white women (middle-class white women at that), and challenge the 1.dea that Black women do not have legitimate concerns related to gender and exploitation.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center
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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, Women, Race and Class
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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Joseph and Lewis, Common Differences

In the paper

“Together, these works hav~ explored ou multifaceted history and its various permutations: the impac of racism on Black women during slavery, the devaluation of Black womanhood, racism within the contemporary feminist movement, the relationship between mothers and daughters, sexual atitudes and sexuality, housework, birth control and struggle.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, Ain't I a Woman
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Joseph and Lewis, Common Differences
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, Women, Race and Class

In the paper

“Women who were not opposed to patriarchy, capitalism, classism or racism, labeled themselves feminists; yet these women claimed sisterhood with the very women they sought to silence and exclude from the struggle.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center

In the paper

“Hooks, Davis and Joseph see Black women 's feminist concerns as undeniable and they speak in direct contrast to Black and African women (and men) who preoccupied by reactions to racism, cast aspersions and espouse the belief that ... Black American and African women should beware of the term 'feminism ' which is suspect, negative and usually associated with middle-class white American women who (e”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center
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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, Women, Race and Class
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  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Joseph and Lewis, Common Differences

In the paper

“To transform feminism and raise it fron this quagmire, Hooks suggests that feminism be define( clearly, as a movement to end sexist oppression as well a1 other forms of oppression and domination --not as a movemen1 promotinq a life-style choice or as gaining equality with me1 within an oppressive and exploitative system.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center

In the paper

“Instead, they express repugnance for its tenacious grip on the movement and its alienation of women of color.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, Women, Race and Class
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Joseph and Lewis, Common Differences

In the paper

“In her conclusion, Roods enjoins women and men to support feminism and to restore its revolutionary life force by “rethinking and reshaping its direction so that the experiences of people on the margin who suffer sexist oppression and other forms of group oppression are understood, addressed and incor~rated into the making of theory and the planning of action.””

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, p.161

In the paper

“Hence, the movement's stagnation and isolation form the very forces who could have galvanized feminism into a legitimate masf based organization .”

In the paper

“she pulls together the various strands and argues effectively for an analysis which acknowledges the interdependence of race, sex and class and the necessity of fighting them through a combined and multi-pronged strategy .”

In the paper

“Instead, our struggle is defined as one against the combined forces of racial, sexual , and class oppression.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, Women, Race and Class
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Joseph and Lewis, Common Differences

In the paper

“women are not a monolithj group; there is diversity , there is conflict, and there are differences in spite of the commonality of gender.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hooks, From Margin to Center

In the paper

“Hooks s killfully sidesteps the Marxist orthodxy of myoptically focusing on class to the exclusion of all else ; she transcends the nationalist thinking of defining race as the sole barrier ; and she refuses to be seduced by the lure of sisterhood with women who have coopted feminism and appropriated it as a vehicle for their own self-serving needs.”

In the paper

“A. nd, men too, are not allowed to abdicate their obligation to struggle with women in bringing about an end to exploitation based upon race, class and sex .”

In the paper

“Black women and other women of color are addressed and identified as principal characters in the struggle against sexism; they are brought front stage , center, no longer relegated to the wings.”