Integrating Green Infrastructure Into Stormwater Policy: Reliability, Watershed Management, and Environmental Psychology as Holistic Tools for Success
Open accessAbstract
As cities continue to expand, the issues of flood control and urban water quality have become major modern sustainability challenges. Green infrastructure—the use of nature-based solutions to target, treat, and store stormwater at its source—has emerged as a possible solution. While green infrastructure does offer multiple benefits for urban users, its performance is also highly variable. This Article addresses a key gap in existing literature by explicitly addressing how uncertainty in environmental and anthropogenic factors affects green infrastructure performance and integration within the Clean Water Act’s municipal separate storm sewer (MS4) regulatory program.
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Meeting stakeholder aesthetic and cultural preferences for BMPs and urban landscape design as part of programs to maintain diverse ecosystem services can lead local communities to see stormwater systems as providing tangible local benefits.
“Meeting stakeholder aesthetic and cultural preferences for BMPs and urban landscape design as part of programs to maintain diverse ecosystem services can lead local communities to see stormwater systems as providing tangible local benefits (Miller and Montalto 2019;Darnthamrongkul and Mozingo 2020;William et al. 2020).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
In “Applications for Self-Determination Theory to Green Infrastructure” (page unavailable), the paper says neighborhood pilot sites let communities assess aesthetics and outcomes, and that community involvement can broaden acceptance. Its introduction also lists environmental and social benefits of green infrastructure. It does not specifically say that meeting stakeholders’ aesthetic and cultural design preferences through ecosystem-service programs leads communities to perceive tangible local benefits. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFlood risk and other negative impacts of urban stormwater in poor neighborhoods are often disproportionately high globally due to housing and planning practices that restrict impoverished people to living in less 'desirable' areas, including floodplains.
“flood risk and other negative impacts of urban stormwater in poor neighborhoods are often disproportionately high globally due to housing and planning practices that restrict impoverished people to living in less”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe effectiveness of stormwater funding strategies varies with local socio-political and environmental factors.
“Municipalities will benefit most from a funding strategy tailored to their community, given that the above strategies will have differing effectiveness based on highly local socio-political and environmental factors (William et al. 2017(William et al. , 2020)).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
The “A. Economic Self-Interest” section (page unavailable) describes municipal financial incentives and says their effectiveness can be limited by social and cultural factors; it also discusses political influence and environmental-justice concerns. The Introduction (page unavailable) describes environmental factors affecting green-infrastructure performance. The copy does not directly establish that the effectiveness of stormwater funding strategies varies with both local socio-political and environmental factors, or that a community-tailored funding strategy is best. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividuals to target for outreach and education represent diverse positions in the community and demographic groups.
“Individuals to target for outreach and education represent diverse positions in the community and demographic groups (Coleman et al. 2018;William et al. 2020), which requires a diverse set of approaches and partners with empirically based knowledge of effective approaches to education (e.g., colleges and universities and associated extension offices).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
The section on applications of self-determination theory recommends targeting early adopters, identifying community influencers, and working through homeowner associations. The Economic Self-Interest section also discusses low-income and minority populations, but does not explicitly identify demographic groups as targets for outreach and education. The cited paper therefore supports the range of community roles more directly than the demographic-targeting part of the claim; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGreen stormwater infrastructure can address poor air quality.
“Green stormwater infrastructure can address poor air quality, increase urban green space (with corresponding increases in residents' physical and mental health), and potentially decrease crime while addressing some societal inequity (Ashley et al. 2018;Miller and Montalto 2019;William et al. 2020).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Green stormwater infrastructure can potentially decrease crime.
“Green stormwater infrastructure can address poor air quality, increase urban green space (with corresponding increases in residents' physical and mental health), and potentially decrease crime while addressing some societal inequity (Ashley et al. 2018;Miller and Montalto 2019;William et al. 2020).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Green stormwater infrastructure can address some societal inequity.
“Green stormwater infrastructure can address poor air quality, increase urban green space (with corresponding increases in residents' physical and mental health), and potentially decrease crime while addressing some societal inequity (Ashley et al. 2018;Miller and Montalto 2019;William et al. 2020).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Green stormwater infrastructure can increase urban green space.
“Green stormwater infrastructure can address poor air quality, increase urban green space (with corresponding increases in residents' physical and mental health), and potentially decrease crime while addressing some societal inequity (Ashley et al. 2018;Miller and Montalto 2019;William et al. 2020).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Increased urban green space from green stormwater infrastructure corresponds to increases in residents' physical and mental health.
“Green stormwater infrastructure can address poor air quality, increase urban green space (with corresponding increases in residents' physical and mental health), and potentially decrease crime while addressing some societal inequity (Ashley et al. 2018;Miller and Montalto 2019;William et al. 2020).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Fee reductions may be effective in incentivizing BMP installations on private property, but may also exacerbate inequity in certain communities.
“Fee reductions may be effective in incentivizing BMP installations on private property, but may also exacerbate inequity in certain communities”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
Funding ongoing maintenance, monitoring, and inspection programs is a challenge for many MS4 permittees.
“Funding ongoing maintenance, monitoring, and inspection programs is a challenge for many MS4 permittees (William et al. 2020)”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
The implementation of fees and fee reductions is a highly local decision.
“making the implementation of fees and fee reductions a highly local decision (Fedorchak et al. 2017;William et al. 2017William et al. , 2020)).”
From Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities (2022) · cites this paper as William et al. 2020
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Cites
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A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation in Hotels
Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., & Griskevicius, V. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/586910 · Cited by 3,235 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 15
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- See Heather E. Golden & Nahal Hoghooghi, Green Infrastructure and Its Catchment-Scale Effects: An Emerging Science, 5 Wiley interdisc. revs.: Water 1, 10-11 (2017);
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Phase II MS4 challenges: moving toward effective stormwater management for small municipalities
Rieck, L., Carson, C., Hawley, R. J., Heller, M., Paul, M., Scoggins, M., Zimmerman, M., & Smith, R. F. (2022) · Urban Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s11252-021-01179-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- William, R., Endres, A. B., & Stillwell, A. S.
- Venue
- UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy
- Publisher
- California Digital Library (CDL)
- Published
- 2020-02-28
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0733-401X (ISSN-L)
- 1942-8553
- OpenAlex
- W3010122730
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Keywords
- green infrastructure, stormwater management, municipal separate storm sewer systems, Clean Water Act, nature-based solutions, flood control, urban water quality, watershed management, environmental psychology
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