The Effect of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Black Liquor in Bio-oil Quality
Open accessAbstract
This work addresses optimization of the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) black liquors originating from Kraft pulp mills using glycerol as a hydrogen donor, and sodium hydroxide as alkali at different reaction temperatures employing different dry solids contents of black liquors. The aim was to find optimal conditions for producing high-quality bio-oil. The desired HTL product properties were: the product is a fluid at room temperature, high heating value (HHV), low oxygen content, low molecular weight, as well as low sodium and ash content. The impact of wheat straw lignin addition to black liquor was also studied. The best bio-oil quality was obtained at the conditions of black liquor dry solids of 34 wt.-%, 12 wt.-% of sodium hydroxide, glycerol 59 wt.-% and temperature 360 °C.
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In Melin et al. [116], a higher NaOH concentration of 25 wt.% of the black liquor dry matter content reduced the carbon yield from 61% to 54% compared to the 10 wt.% addition.
“A higher NaOH concentration of 25 wt.% of the black liquor dry matter content reduced the carbon yield from 61% from 54% compared to the 10 wt.% addition [116,124].”
From Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
Addition of 25 wt.% glycerol of content of black liquor dry matter increased bio-oil carbon yield from 58% to 64% for HTL at 623 K and 45 min residence time.
“They observed that the addition of 25 wt.% glycerol of the content of black liquor dry matter increased the bio-oil carbon yield from 58% to 64% for HTL at 623 K and 45 min residence time.”
From Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
Highest HHV of bio-oil (after washing to remove residual ash) was 39.3 MJ/kg on dry basis in study with high dry glycerol addition of 59 wt.% of black liquor dry matter and addition of 12 wt.% NaOH at 633 K with 45-min reaction time.
“The highest HHV of bio-oil (after washing to remove residual ash) was 39.3 MJ/kg on a dry basis in a study with a high dry glycerol addition of 59 wt.% of black liquor dry matter and with the addition of 12 wt.%NaOH at 633 K with a 45-min reaction time [124].”
From Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
Melin et al. investigated impact of glycerol as hydrogen donor and char-reducing agent in HTL.
“[124] investigated the impact of glycerol as a hydrogen donor and char-reducing agent in HTL.”
From Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
Highest bio-oil heating value was observed when glycerol was up to 59 wt.% of black liquor dry matter.
“The highest bio-oil heating value was observed when glycerol was up to 59 wt.% of the black liquor dry matter.”
From Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
Addition of 50 wt.% glycerol of content of black liquor dry matter decreased carbon yield to 52%.
“However, addition of 50 wt.%glycerol of the content of black liquor dry matter decreased the carbon yield to 52%.”
From Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
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Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin
Lappalainen, J., Baudouin, D., Hornung, U., Schuler, J., Melin, K., Bjelić, S., Vogel, F., Konttinen, J., & Joronen, T. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13133309 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“[124] investigated the impact of glycerol as a hydrogen donor and char-reducing agent in HTL.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
- Authors
- Melin, K., Välimäki, A., Oasmaa, A., & Lehtonen, J.
- Venue
- ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
- Publisher
- ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
- Published
- 2019
- Pages
- 1144-1145
- OpenAlex
- W2971988191
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- ETA Florence
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Coal Properties and Utilization
- Keywords
- hydrothermal liquefaction, black liquor, bio-oil quality, kraft pulp mill, sodium hydroxide, reaction temperature, dry solids content, wheat straw lignin, calorific value, oxygen concentration, ash content
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